SLOT STRUCTURE OF LONG PHYSICAL UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL (PUCCH) DESIGN FOR 5th GENERATION (5G) NEW RADIO (NR)

ABSTRACT

A user equipment (UE) is described. The UE includes a processor and memory in electronic communication with the processor. Instructions stored in the memory are executable to determine the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and configuration based on a signaling from a base station (gNB). The instructions are also executable to determine the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) locations in the configured PUCCH. The instructions are further executable to determine the uplink control information (UCI) multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH. The instructions are additionally executable to determine the resource of the control channel for UCI feedback. The instructions are also executable to transmit UCI feedback on the selected control channel.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to and claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/543,757, entitled “SLOT STRUCTURE OF LONGPHYSICAL UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL (PUCCH) DESIGN FOR 5th GENERATION (5G)NEW RADIO (NR),” filed on Aug. 10, 2017, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein, in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems. Morespecifically, the present disclosure relates to the slot structure oflong physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) design for 5th generation(5G) new radio (NR).

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful inorder to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience.Consumers have become dependent upon wireless communication devices andhave come to expect reliable service, expanded areas of coverage andincreased functionality. A wireless communication system may providecommunication for a number of wireless communication devices, each ofwhich may be serviced by a base station. A base station may be a devicethat communicates with wireless communication devices.

As wireless communication devices have advanced, improvements incommunication capacity, speed, flexibility and/or efficiency have beensought. However, improving communication capacity, speed, flexibilityand/or efficiency may present certain problems.

For example, wireless communication devices may communicate with one ormore devices using a communication structure. However, the communicationstructure used may only offer limited flexibility and/or efficiency. Asillustrated by this discussion, systems and methods that improvecommunication flexibility and/or efficiency may be beneficial.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of one or morebase stations (gNBs) and one or more user equipments (UEs) in whichsystems and methods for a slot structure of a long physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) design for 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR)may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid for thedownlink;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid for theuplink;

FIG. 4 shows examples of several numerologies;

FIG. 5 shows examples of subframe structures for the numerologies thatare shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows examples of slots and sub-slots;

FIG. 7 shows examples of scheduling timelines;

FIG. 8 shows examples of downlink (DL) control channel monitoringregions;

FIG. 9 shows examples of DL control channel which consists of more thanone control channel elements;

FIG. 10 shows examples of uplink (UL) control channel structures;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE;

FIG. 13 illustrates several examples of long PUCCH duration design;

FIG. 14 illustrates examples of two demodulation reference signals(DMRS) in every 7 symbols for normal cyclic prefix (NCP) or 6 symbolsfor extended cyclic prefix (ECP);

FIG. 15 illustrates examples of the minimum number of symbols for a longPUCCH;

FIG. 16 illustrates examples of one DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP or 6symbols for ECP;

FIG. 17 illustrates fixed hopping candidates for PUCCH based on fixedDMRS patterns;

FIG. 18 illustrates examples of PUCCH DMRS basic blocks in a hop;

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate examples of DMRS patterns for differentdurations;

FIG. 20 illustrates examples of RS patterns with frequency divisionmultiplexing (FDM) among UEs for two DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP;

FIG. 21 illustrates examples of RS patterns with FDM among UEs for twoDMRS in every 6 symbols for ECP;

FIG. 22 illustrates examples of a shifted RS pattern with FDM among UEsfor two DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP;

FIG. 23 illustrates examples of long PUCCH with one DMRS every 7 symbolsfor NCP;

FIG. 24 illustrates examples of DMRS allocation at frequency domain;

FIG. 25 illustrates examples of UE multiplexing with different DMRSpatterns;

FIG. 26 illustrates examples of frequency hopping for long PUCCHformats;

FIG. 27 illustrates examples of self-contained DMRS patterns in eachsymbol;

FIG. 28 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a UE;

FIG. 29 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a gNB;

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE inwhich systems and methods for a slot structure of a long PUCCH designfor 5G NR operations may be implemented;

FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB inwhich systems and methods for a slot structure of a long PUCCH designfor 5G NR operations may be implemented;

FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for implementing a slotstructure of a long PUCCH design for 5G NR; and

FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating another method for implementing aslot structure of a long PUCCH design for 5G NR.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A user equipment (UE) is described. The UE includes a processor andmemory in electronic communication with the processor. Instructionsstored in the memory are executable to determine an uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) format and configuration based on a signaling from abase station (gNB). The instructions are also executable to determinedemodulation reference signal (DMRS) locations in the configured PUCCH.The instructions are further executable to determine uplink controlinformation (UCI) multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH. Theinstructions are additionally executable to determine a resource of acontrol channel for UCI feedback. The instructions are also executableto transmit UCI feedback on the selected control channel.

Determining the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and configurationmay include a long PUCCH format that supports more than 2 bits of UCIpayload. A long PUCCH may employ a format that comprises a waveform, anumber of resource blocks (RBs), a reference symbol (RS) pattern, and/ororthogonal sequences on RS and data symbols, and/or one or more controlresource regions. RS symbols may be allocated at time domain, andorthogonal sequences may be applied for UCI data at time domain orfrequency domain.

The DMRS of a long PUCCH may occupy fixed locations in a slot structure,or are relative to the starting symbol of a long PUCCH. If there is only1 DMRS in a long PUCCH, frequency hopping may not be supported, and ifthere are 2 or more DMRS in a long PUCCH, frequency hopping may bemandatory or configurable. If frequency hopping is configured orsupported, the hopping location may be fixed based on DMRS structure.

Frequency hopping may be mandatory or configurable, and the DMRS of along PUCCH may be determined per frequency hop based on basic buildingblocks. A long PUCCH may include one or two basic building blocks withthe same length or a length difference of one, where each basic buildingblock is configured with 1 or 2 DMRS following a pattern in the basicbuilding blocks with lengths of 4-7 symbols. A hopping position may bedetermined at the middle of a given long PUCCH, and DMRS positions ineach hop may be determined based on the length of the hop from the basicbuilding blocks.

A base station (gNB) is also described. The gNB includes a processor andmemory in electronic communication with the processor. Instructionsstored in the memory are executable to determine an uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) format and configuration. The instructions are alsoexecutable to determine the DMRS locations in the configured PUCCH. Theinstructions are further executable to determine the UCI multiplexingmethods on the configured PUCCH. The instructions are additionallyexecutable to determine the resource of the control channel for UCIfeedback. The instructions are also executable to receive UCI feedbackon a selected control channel. A control channel used for UCI feedbackand a resource of the control channel for UCI feedback are determinedbased on signaling from the gNB.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project, also referred to as “3GPP,” is acollaboration agreement that aims to define globally applicabletechnical specifications and technical reports for third and fourthgeneration wireless communication systems. The 3GPP may definespecifications for next generation mobile networks, systems and devices.

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the name given to a project to improvethe Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone ordevice standard to cope with future requirements. In one aspect, UMTShas been modified to provide support and specification for the EvolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).

At least some aspects of the systems and methods disclosed herein may bedescribed in relation to the 3GPP LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and otherstandards (e.g., 3GPP Releases 8, 9, 10, 11 and/or 12). However, thescope of the present disclosure should not be limited in this regard. Atleast some aspects of the systems and methods disclosed herein may beutilized in other types of wireless communication systems.

A wireless communication device may be an electronic device used tocommunicate voice and/or data to a base station, which in turn maycommunicate with a network of devices (e.g., public switched telephonenetwork (PSTN), the Internet, etc.). In describing systems and methodsherein, a wireless communication device may alternatively be referred toas a mobile station, a UE, an access terminal, a subscriber station, amobile terminal, a remote station, a user terminal, a terminal, asubscriber unit, a mobile device, etc. Examples of wirelesscommunication devices include cellular phones, smart phones, personaldigital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, netbooks, e-readers,wireless modems, etc. In 3GPP specifications, a wireless communicationdevice is typically referred to as a UE. However, as the scope of thepresent disclosure should not be limited to the 3GPP standards, theterms “UE” and “wireless communication device” may be usedinterchangeably herein to mean the more general term “wirelesscommunication device.” A UE may also be more generally referred to as aterminal device.

In 3GPP specifications, a base station is typically referred to as aNode B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a home enhanced or evolved Node B(HeNB) or some other similar terminology. As the scope of the disclosureshould not be limited to 3GPP standards, the terms “base station,” “NodeB,” “eNB,” and “HeNB” may be used interchangeably herein to mean themore general term “base station.” Furthermore, the term “base station”may be used to denote an access point. An access point may be anelectronic device that provides access to a network (e.g., Local AreaNetwork (LAN), the Internet, etc.) for wireless communication devices.The term “communication device” may be used to denote both a wirelesscommunication device and/or a base station. An eNB may also be moregenerally referred to as a base station device.

It should be noted that as used herein, a “cell” may be anycommunication channel that is specified by standardization or regulatorybodies to be used for International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced(IMT-Advanced) and all of it or a subset of it may be adopted by 3GPP aslicensed bands (e.g., frequency bands) to be used for communicationbetween an eNB and a UE. It should also be noted that in E-UTRA andE-UTRAN overall description, as used herein, a “cell” may be defined as“combination of downlink and optionally uplink resources.” The linkingbetween the carrier frequency of the downlink resources and the carrierfrequency of the uplink resources may be indicated in the systeminformation transmitted on the downlink resources.

“Configured cells” are those cells of which the UE is aware and isallowed by an eNB to transmit or receive information. “Configuredcell(s)” may be serving cell(s). The UE may receive system informationand perform the required measurements on all configured cells.“Configured cell(s)” for a radio connection may consist of a primarycell and/or no, one, or more secondary cell(s). “Activated cells” arethose configured cells on which the UE is transmitting and receiving.That is, activated cells are those cells for which the UE monitors thephysical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and in the case of a downlinktransmission, those cells for which the UE decodes a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH). “Deactivated cells” are those configured cellsthat the UE is not monitoring the transmission PDCCH. It should be notedthat a “cell” may be described in terms of differing dimensions. Forexample, a “cell” may have temporal, spatial (e.g., geographical) andfrequency characteristics.

Fifth generation (5G) cellular communications (also referred to as “NewRadio”, “New Radio Access Technology” or “NR” by 3GPP) envisions the useof time/frequency/space resources to allow for enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) communication and ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC) services, as well as massive machine type communication (mMTC)like services. In order for the services to use the time/frequency/spacemedium efficiently it would be useful to be able to flexibly scheduleservices on the medium so that the medium may be used as effectively aspossible, given the conflicting needs of URLLC, eMBB, and mMTC. A newradio base station may be referred to as a gNB. A gNB may also be moregenerally referred to as a base station device.

In 5G NR, at least two different types of uplink control channel (PUCCH)formats may be specified: at least one short PUCCH format and one longPUCCH format. The PUCCH channel is designed to carry uplink controlinformation (UCI). In NR, the long PUCCH format may span over multipleslots, and the PUCCH format of a UE may be configured by a base station.The systems and methods described herein detail formats for long PUCCHdesign. In particular, the RS patterns, the RS location andconfigurations for a long PUCCH are described herein. The demodulationreference signal (DMRS) pattern described herein focuses on a long PUCCHwithin a slot structure.

In NR, several PUCCH formats will be specified. For UCI, different UCImay be reported on different PUCCH channel formats. In 5G NR, bothCP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM waveforms are supported for UL transmission.Also, different numerologies may be used on one or more carriers orserving cells.

Detailed mapping methods and signaling required for long PUCCH formatsin NR are described. To minimize specification impact, a commonframework may be used for both CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCHdesign. Furthermore, design enhancements for some band-specific andapplication-specific scenarios are described.

For a long PUCCH within a slot length, the DMRS may be determined basedon the length of a long PUCCH, the frequency hopping requirements, etc.In one method, the DMRSs in a long PUCCH are in fixed locations in aslot configured by higher layer signaling. In another method, the DMRSsin a long PUCCH are in fixed locations in a long PUCCH relative to thestarting symbol position.

In these two methods, frequency hopping may not be supported if there isonly one DMRS in the long PUCCH duration. If there are more than 2 DMRSsin the long PUCCH duration, frequency hopping can be supported. Ifsupported, frequency hopping may be mandatory or configured by higherlayer signaling. However, these methods may not provide the best DMRSpositions for a long PUCCH depending on the starting and ending symbolsof a long PUCCH.

In another method, the DMRSs are determined based on the structure ofeach frequency hop. Frequency hopping may be mandatory for all longPUCCH durations, or it can be configured by higher layer signaling basedon a long PUCCH duration.

Furthermore, to allow more flexible UE multiplexing and UCI payloadsizes, the UE multiplexing capability may be supported at frequencydomain instead of time domain.

Various examples of the systems and methods disclosed herein are nowdescribed with reference to the Figures, where like reference numbersmay indicate functionally similar elements. The systems and methods asgenerally described and illustrated in the Figures herein could bearranged and designed in a wide variety of different implementations.Thus, the following more detailed description of severalimplementations, as represented in the Figures, is not intended to limitscope, as claimed, but is merely representative of the systems andmethods.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of one or moregNBs 160 and one or more UEs 102 in which systems and methods for a slotstructure of a long physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) design for5th generation (5G) new radio (NR) may be implemented. The one or moreUEs 102 communicate with one or more gNBs 160 using one or more antennas122 a-n. For example, a UE 102 transmits electromagnetic signals to thegNB 160 and receives electromagnetic signals from the gNB 160 using theone or more antennas 122 a-n. The gNB 160 communicates with the UE 102using one or more antennas 180 a-n.

The UE 102 and the gNB 160 may use one or more channels 119, 121 tocommunicate with each other. For example, a UE 102 may transmitinformation or data to the gNB 160 using one or more uplink channels121. Examples of uplink channels 121 include a PUCCH and a PUSCH, etc.The one or more gNBs 160 may also transmit information or data to theone or more UEs 102 using one or more downlink channels 119, forinstance. Examples of downlink channels 119 include a PDCCH, a PDSCH,etc. Other kinds of channels may be used.

Each of the one or more UEs 102 may include one or more transceivers118, one or more demodulators 114, one or more decoders 108, one or moreencoders 150, one or more modulators 154, a data buffer 104 and a UEoperations module 124. For example, one or more reception and/ortransmission paths may be implemented in the UE 102. For convenience,only a single transceiver 118, decoder 108, demodulator 114, encoder 150and modulator 154 are illustrated in the UE 102, though multipleparallel elements (e.g., transceivers 118, decoders 108, demodulators114, encoders 150 and modulators 154) may be implemented.

The transceiver 118 may include one or more receivers 120 and one ormore transmitters 158. The one or more receivers 120 may receive signalsfrom the gNB 160 using one or more antennas 122 a-n. For example, thereceiver 120 may receive and downconvert signals to produce one or morereceived signals 116. The one or more received signals 116 may beprovided to a demodulator 114. The one or more transmitters 158 maytransmit signals to the gNB 160 using one or more antennas 122 a-n. Forexample, the one or more transmitters 158 may upconvert and transmit oneor more modulated signals 156.

The demodulator 114 may demodulate the one or more received signals 116to produce one or more demodulated signals 112. The one or moredemodulated signals 112 may be provided to the decoder 108. The UE 102may use the decoder 108 to decode signals. The decoder 108 may producedecoded signals 110, which may include a UE-decoded signal 106 (alsoreferred to as a first UE-decoded signal 106). For example, the firstUE-decoded signal 106 may comprise received payload data, which may bestored in a data buffer 104. Another signal included in the decodedsignals 110 (also referred to as a second UE-decoded signal 110) maycomprise overhead data and/or control data. For example, the secondUE-decoded signal 110 may provide data that may be used by the UEoperations module 124 to perform one or more operations.

In general, the UE operations module 124 may enable the UE 102 tocommunicate with the one or more gNBs 160. The UE operations module 124may include one or more of a UE long PUCCH module 126.

The UE long PUCCH module 126 may implement a long PUCCH design for 5thgeneration (5G) new radio (NR). Uplink control information and uplinkwaveform in NR are described. In LTE, the UCI carries hybrid-ARQacknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), channel state information (CSI), and ascheduling request (SR). The CSI may include one or more of channelquality indicator (CQI), rank indication (RI), precoding matrixindicator (PMI), precoding type indicator (PTI), etc. Multipledimensions of CSI may be reported from one or more cells to supportFD-MIMO and CoMP operations.

Similarly, in NR, a scheduling request (SR), if defined, needs to betransmitted outside PUSCH, as well as HARQ-ACK for latency reasons. TheCSI report in NR should be enhanced to support massive MIMO andbeamforming methods. Thus, multiple sets of CSI may be reported in NR.Again, a CSI feedback may include one or more of CQI, RI, PMI, PTI, beamindex, etc. At least two types of CSI reports may be supported, periodicCSI and aperiodic CSI. Periodic CSI report can be configuredsemi-statically. Aperiodic CSI can be trigger with a CSI request fromthe gNB 160. Therefore, physical uplink control signaling should be ableto carry at least hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements, CSI reports (possiblyincluding beamforming information), and scheduling requests.

The UCI information may be transmitted as L1/L2 control signaling (e.g.,via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink sharechannel (PUSCH) or uplink data channel). Furthermore, it should bepossible to dynamically indicate (at least in combination with radioresource control (RRC)) the timing between data reception and hybrid-ARQacknowledgement transmission as part of the downlink control information(DCI).

In NR, different numerologies are supported on the same or differentcarriers. For the uplink transmission supports two waveform/modulationschemes based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Onewaveform/modulation scheme is cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM). Anotherwaveform/modulation scheme is discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreadOFDM (DFT-S-OFDM), also known as single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or lowPeak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) waveform. Therefore, the uplinkcontrol and uplink data channel may be configured separately with thesame or different waveforms and numerologies.

NR numerology and slot length is described herein. Multiple OFDMnumerologies are supported, as given by Table 1.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) · 15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 260 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal 5 480 Normal

For subcarrier spacing configuration μ, slots are numbered

n_(s)^(μ) ∈ {0, K, N_(subframe)^(slots, μ) − 1}

in increasing order within a subframe and

n_(s, f)^(μ) ∈ {0, K, N_(frame)^(slots, μ) − 1}

in increasing order within a frame. There are N_(symb) ^(μ) consecutiveOFDM symbols in a slot where N_(symb) ^(μ) depends on the subcarrierspacing used and the slot configuration as given by Table 2 and Table 3.The start of slot n_(s) ^(μ) in a subframe is aligned in time with thestart of OFDM symbol n_(s) ^(μ) N_(symb) ^(μ) in the same subframe.

Not all UEs 102 may be capable of simultaneous transmission andreception, implying that not all OFDM symbols in a downlink slot or anuplink slot may be used.

Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, N_(symb) ^(μ), forsubcarrier spacing configuration μ and normal cyclic prefix.

TABLE 2 Slot configuration 0 1 μ N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots,μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots,μ) N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots,μ) N_(subframe)^(slots,μ) 0 14 10 1 7 20 2 1 14 20 2 7 40 4 2 14 40 4 7 80 8 3 14 80 8— — — 4 14 160 16 — — — 5 14 320 32 — — —

Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, N_(symb) ^(μ), forsubcarrier spacing configuration μ and extended cyclic prefix.

TABLE 3 Slot configuration 0 1 μ N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots,μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots,μ) N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots,μ) N_(subframe)^(slots,μ) 2 12 40 4 6 80 8

LTE and 5G NR physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) are also discussedherein. In LTE, the PUCCH with normal TTI length occupies a fullsubframe and 1 resource block (RB) for format 1/2/3/5, and more than oneRB is supported for Format 4. Different formats are used to carrydifferent number of UCI payload sizes. Frequency hopping is supportedfor all 1 ms TTI PUCCH formats by transmitting two slots in two ends ofthe carrier frequency. The UE multiplexing capability is performed inthe frequency domain and/or time domain depending on the PUCCH format.

Format 1/1a/1b has 3 RS symbols in each slot. Zadoff-Chu (Z-C) sequenceis used on frequency domain, orthogonal sequences are used for PUCCHspreading in time domain, N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)=4 for normal CP, N_(SF)^(PUCCH)=3 for extended CP.

Format 2/2a/2b has two RS symbols in each slot. It uses Z-C sequences onfrequency domain for UE multiplexing, no time domain multiplexing.

Format 3 has two RS symbols in each slot, it only uses time domainmultiplexing with orthogonal sequences (N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)=5 for normal CPand N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)=4 for extended CP) and no frequency domainmultiplexing.

Format 4 may occupy one or more RBs. It carries coded information bitson all data carrying symbols. Thus, it provides largest payload size,but does not support multiplexing for multiple UEs 102 in the same RB.

Format 5 uses only one RB, It has the same structure as Format 4 exceptthat a spreading factor of 2 N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)=2 is supported, thus twoUEs 102 can be multiplexed on the same RB resources.

Similar to different PUCCH formats in LTE, at least two transmissiondurations are supported for uplink control in NR. One short transmissionduration around the last OFDM symbol in a slot may be supported foruplink control in NR. This short transmission duration may be timedivision multiplexed (TDM) or frequency division multiplexed (FDM) withdata. One long transmission duration spanning multiple symbols (e.g.filling most of a slot or slots) may be frequency division multiplexed(FDM) with data.

A short PUCCH format may consist of one or two symbols. A long PUCCHformat may span multiple symbols and slots. Multiple long PUCCH formatsmay be defined (e.g., 4 symbols, a slot, and multiple slots, etc.). Along PUCCH format may be useful for larger payload HARQ-ACK feedback,CSI feedback, etc.

At least a low PAPR/CM design should be supported for the long PUCCHformat. A UCI carried by long duration UL control channel at least withlow PAPR design can be transmitted in one slot or multiple slots, andtransmission across multiple slots should allow a total duration of 1 msat least for some cases.

At least one or more of the following PUCCH formats may be supported.PUCCH format 1 may be a short PUCCH. In PUCCH format 1, transmission isover 1 symbol or 2 symbols, and the number of UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) bitsmay be 1 or 2.

PUCCH format 2 may be a short PUCCH. In PUCCH format 2, transmission isover 1 symbol or 2 symbols, and the number of UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) bitsmay be more than 2.

PUCCH format 3 may be a long PUCCH. In PUCCH format 3, transmission isover 4 or more symbols and the number of UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) bits maybe 1 or 2.

PUCCH format 4 may be a long PUCCH. In PUCCH format 4, transmission isover 4 or more symbols, and the number of UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) bits maybe more than 2.

A UE 102 may transmit one or more PUCCHs within a period of L_(PUCCH)symbols, referred to as PUCCH slot. Either L_(PUCCH)=7 or L_(PUCCH)=14may be supported, where one value is configured by higher layers. If theUE 102 detects a DCI format in a PDCCH that configures a PDSCH receptionover a number of symbols with a last symbol being within PUCCH slot n,the UE 102 may provide corresponding HARQ-ACK information in a PUCCHtransmission within PUCCH slot n+k , where k is indicated by the DCIformat.

For PUCCH format configuration, a combination of semi-staticconfiguration and (at least for some types of UCI information) dynamicsignaling is used to determine the PUCCH formats and resources both forthe long and short PUCCH formats.

The long PUCCH design for 5G NR is described more fully herein. LongPUCCH design with more than 2 bits of UCI payload (i.e., PUCCH format 4)in 5G NR is described. Hereafter, a long PUCCH refers to PUCCH format 4(i.e., a PUCCH with a length of 4 or more symbols) and the number of UCI(e.g., HARQ-ACK) bits is more than 2. FIG. 13 shows several examples oflong PUCCH duration design.

In one case, a long PUCCH should occupy one or more whole slots. In FIG.13, example (a) shows a long PUCCH covers a full slot length in a ULonly slot. In FIG. 13, example (b) shows a long PUCCH covers multiple ULonly slots. In this case, a long PUCCH should not be configured inpartial UL slots (e.g., in a self-contained slot or UL centric slot).Otherwise, a different PUCCH structure may be defined for an UL centricslot with a different number of symbols. For example, the RS location,RS and UCI multiplexing methods, the orthogonal sequences used for UEmultiplexing, etc.

In another case, a long PUCCH can be designed for one or more slots, butsome symbols may be punctured in a UL centric slot. In this case, thedesign should take into account of potential puncturing of some symbolsup to a given limit (e.g., 4 symbols).

In yet another case, a long PUCCH may be configured in the UL part of aslot with the number of uplink symbols greater than a threshold numberX. However, different designs on the DMRS and orthogonal sequences forUE multiplexing may be used for a different number of symbols in a longPUCCH.

The X value may be 4 as agreed in 3GPP meetings. In NR, a slot may beconfigured as 7 symbols or 10 symbols. Therefore, for normal CP, if aslot includes 7 symbols, a long PUCCH in a slot may have durations from4 to 7 symbols. If a slot includes 14 symbols, a long PUCCH in a slotmay have durations from 4 to 14 symbols. Similarly, for extended CP, ifa slot includes 6 symbols, a long PUCCH in a slot may have durationsfrom 4 to 6 symbols. If a slot includes 12 symbols, a long PUCCH in aslot may have durations from 4 to 12 symbols.

A long PUCCH may occupy all UL symbols in a UL centric slot, as shown inexample (c) of FIG. 13. Alternatively, a long PUCCH may occupy part ofthe UL symbols to the end of a UL centric slot or a UL only slot, asshown in example (e) of FIG. 13.

A long PUCCH may occupy some symbols in a UL centric or a UL only slot,as shown in Figure (g) of FIG. 13. In this case, a long PUCCH may startfrom the beginning of or the middle of a UL only slot or the staring ULsymbol of a UL centric slot, and may end in the middle of or at the endof a UL only slot or the staring UL symbol of a UL centric slot, as longas the number of symbols is greater or equal to a threshold X.

In the case where a long PUCCH spans over multiple slots, it is possiblethat a long PUCCH spans over both UL centric slot and UL only slots. TheUE multiplexing capability may be different for the UL centric slot andthe UL only slot due to a different number of symbols available forsymbol multiplexing.

In one approach, a long PUCCH should always be configured to the end ofa UL centric or UL only slot, as shown in example (d) and example (f) ofFIG. 13. In another approach, a long PUCCH may start from a UL symbol ina UL centric or UL only slot, and ends in a symbol in the same slot or aconsecutive UL slot, as shown in example (h) of FIG. 13.

As a summary for long PUCCH duration, a long PUCCH may occupy part ofthe symbols of a UL centric or UL only slot. A long PUCCH may occupy allsymbols of a UL centric or UL only slot. A long PUCCH may occupy part ofthe symbols of a UL centric or UL only slot followed by one or moreconsecutive UL only slots.

From a design perspective, options in examples (a), (b), (c) and (d) ofFIG. 13 may be more consistent because the long PUCCH always occupiesall symbols of UL centric or UL only slots. On the other hand, the otheroptions may provide more flexibility for PUCCH resource assignment.

The long PUCCH may support both DFT-S-OFDM and CP-OFDM based formats. Inthe following sections, the long PUCCH design for different waveforms ina UL centric and a UL only slot is discussed. First, the PUCCH structurein a UL only slot will be discussed first, followed by the UL centricslot considerations.

Regarding a DFT-S-OFDM-based long PUCCH, long PUCCH formats shouldsupport at least for low PAPR waveform (i.e., DFT-S-OFDM). ForDFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCH formats, the LTE PUCCH structure may bereused in NR, at least on the DMRS location and spreading sequencedesign. Thus, the following two DMRS patterns should be supported for NRlong PUCCH with low PAPR or DFT-S-OFDM waveform.

A first DMRS pattern (Pattern 1) includes 2 RS in every 7 or 6 symbols,as shown in FIG. 14. With this pattern, a long PUCCH format has 2 DMRSin every 7 symbols for normal CP (NCP), and 2 DMRS in every 6 symbolsfor extended CP (ECP) within a slot, as shown in FIG. 14 with the DMRSpositions.

The DMRS signal generation and spreading sequences for UCI data can bethe same as in LTE PUCCH format 2 and PUCCH Format 3. Therefore, atleast two formats can be supported for NR long PUCCH format depending onthe UCI data spreading methods. In one format, within each RB, differentUCI symbols are transmitted on different OFDM symbols, and spreadingfactor is applied at frequency domain with the Z-C sequence. This issimilar to LTE PUCCH Format 2.

In another format, within each RB, different UCI symbols are transmittedon different subcarriers, and spreading factor is applied at time domainwith the orthogonal sequences given in Table 4 below, where N_(SF)^(PUCCH)=5 or normal CP and N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)=4 for extended CP. This issimilar to LTE PUCCH Format 3. Table 4 provides an orthogonal sequencew_(n) _(oc) (i)

TABLE 4 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 5 N_(SF) ^(PUCCH)= 4 0 [1 1 1 1 1] [+1 +1 +1 +1] 1 [1 e^(j2π/5) e^(j4π/5) e^(j6π/5)e^(j8π/5)] [+1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [1 e^(j4π/5) e^(j8π/5) e^(j2π/5) e^(j6π/5)][+1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [1 e^(j6π/5) e^(j2π/5) e^(j8π/5) e^(j4π/5)] [+1 −1 −1+1] 4 [1 e^(j8π/5) e^(j6π/5) e^(j4π/5) e^(j2π/5)] —

The pattern above assumes all symbols in a UL only slot is used. In acase where some or all symbols of a UL centric slot or a part of ULsymbols in a UL only slot can be used for a long PUCCH, a long PUCCHdesign may reuse the DMRS pattern for all symbols of a UL only slot.That is, the DMRS location in a slot may be fixed regardless of theduration of a long PUCCH. This provides better RS multiplexingcapabilities and avoids interference from UCI from other PUCCHtransmissions.

Therefore, if a long PUCCH always occupy the UL symbols to the end of aUL centric or a UL only slot, the minimum number of symbols X should be3 for a long PUCCH in a UL centric slot or UL only slot to ensure a DMRSsymbol included in a long PUCCH, as shown in FIG. 15(a). If a long PUCCHcan be allocated with any set of symbols in a slot, the minimum numberof symbols X may be 4 for normal CP to ensure a DMRS symbol included ina long PUCCH, as shown in FIG. 15(b).

In the following discussion, as a general example, the long PUCCH may beassumed to always occupy the UL symbols to the end of a UL centric or aUL only slot. In one format, within each RB, different UCI symbols aretransmitted on different OFDM symbols, and spreading factor is appliedat frequency domain with the Z-C sequence. This is similar to LTE PUCCHFormat 2. The same structure can be used in a long PUCCH occupying allsymbols or some symbols of a UL centric slot or some symbols of a ULonly slot. This results in a reduced number of UCI carrying symbolscompared with a long PUCCH occupying all symbols of a UL only slot.

Also in this format, the frequency domain multiplexing may apply alength 12 orthogonal covering code in each RB instead of a Z-C sequence.This allows multiple UCI symbols to be carried on different subcarriers.Several examples of length 12 OCC codes are as follows.

For 2 UE multiplexing, the OCC in frequency domain can be as given inTable 5. Each UE 102 may carry 6 QPSK UCI symbols in each RB of a UCIcarrying symbol.

TABLE 5 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 2 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1] 1 [1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1]

For 3 UE multiplexing, the OCC in frequency domain can be as given inTable 6. Each UE 102 may carry 4 QPSK UCI symbols in each RB of a UCIcarrying symbol.

TABLE 6 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 3 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1] 1 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3)e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3)e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)]

For 4 UE multiplexing, the OCC in frequency domain can be given as givenin Table 7. Each UE 102 may carry 3 QPSK UCI symbols in each RB of a UCIcarrying symbol.

TABLE 7 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 4 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1] 1 [+1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1−1 +1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1 −1 +1]

With frequency OCC, the same OCC can be applied to all UCI carryingsymbols. Thus, the total number of UCI symbols can be determined basedthe number of UCI carrying.

In another format, within each RB, different UCI symbols are transmittedon different subcarriers, and spreading factor is applied at time domainwith the orthogonal sequences since a long PUCCH occupying part of aslot in a UL centric slot or UL only slot may have different number ofUL symbols.

If the number of symbols is 3 for the long PUCCH, one symbol is used asDMRS, only 2 symbols are used for UCI UE multiplexing, the number oforthogonal sequences can only be 2. Table 8 provides an orthogonalsequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 3-symbol long PUCCH.

TABLE 8 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 2 0 [+1 +1] 1 [+1−1]

If the number of symbols is 4 for the long PUCCH, 1 symbol is used asDMRS, only 3 symbols are used for UCI UE multiplexing, the number oforthogonal sequences can only be 3. Table 9 provides an orthogonalsequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 4-symbol long PUCCH.

TABLE 9 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 3 0 [1 1 1] 1 [1e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)]

If the number of symbols is 5 for the long PUCCH, for normal CP, 1symbol is used as DMRS, and 4 symbols are used for UCI UE multiplexing,the number of orthogonal sequences can only be 4. Table 10 provides anorthogonal sequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 5-symbol long PUCCH withnormal CP.

TABLE 10 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 4 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1]1 [+1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1]

If the number of symbols is 5 for the long PUCCH, for extended CP, 2symbols are used as DMRS, and 3 symbols are used for UCI UEmultiplexing, the number of orthogonal sequences can only be 3. The sameorthogonal sequences as for 4 symbols long PUCCH can be used. Table 11provides an orthogonal sequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 5-symbol longPUCCH with extended CP.

TABLE 11 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 3 0 [1 1 1] 1 [1e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)]

If the number of symbols is 6 for the long PUCCH, for normal CP, 2symbols are used as DMRS, and 4 symbols are used for UCI UEmultiplexing, the number of orthogonal sequences can only be 4. The sameorthogonal sequences as for 5 symbols long PUCCH can be used. Table 12provides an orthogonal sequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 5-symbol longPUCCH with normal CP.

TABLE 12 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 4 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1]1 [+1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1]

If a slot has 14 symbols, and a long PUCCH is configured with more than7 symbols, the above mentioned constrains can be applied for every 7symbols, and the UE multiplexing capability may be limited by the ULportion that is smaller than 7 symbols. And the UE 102 may be configuredwith an orthogonal sequence for the 7-symbol part and another orthogonalsequence for portion that is smaller than 7 symbols. In this case, onlya subset of orthogonal sequences on a 7 symbol part can be configuredfor a UE 102.

Similarly, if a long PUCCH includes both UL centric and UL only slots,the UE multiplexing capability may be limited by the UL centric slot asdescribed above. Thus, in this case, only a subset of orthogonalsequences on a UL only slot can be configured for a UE 102. And the UE102 may be configured with an orthogonal sequence for the UL centricpart and another orthogonal sequence for the UL only parts. With thismethod, the UCI payload is not reduced in the UL centric and UL onlyslot.

In another method, if a slot has 14 symbols, and a long PUCCH isconfigured with more than 7 symbols, the orthogonal sequences for UEmultiplexing can be jointly designed across all configured symbols forthe long PUCCH in the slot. Similarly, if a long PUCCH includes both ULcentric and UL only slots, the orthogonal sequences for UE multiplexingcan be jointly designed across the UL centric and UL only slot. Forexample, if a UL-centric slot has 3 UCI carrying symbols, and a UL onlyslot has 5 UCI carrying symbols, eight orthogonal sequences of lengtheight can be generated for UE multiplexing. In this case, the UEmultiplexing capability is increased, but the UCI payload is reducedacross all symbols, or across the UL centric and UL only slots.

A second DMRS pattern (Pattern 2) includes one RS in every 7 or 6symbols, as shown in FIG. 16. With this pattern, a long PUCCH format has1 DMRS in every 7 symbols for normal CP (NCP), and 1 DMRS in every 6symbols for extended CP (ECP) within a slot, as shown in FIG. 16 withthe DMRS positions.

The DMRS signal generation and spreading sequences for UCI data can besimilar to LTE PUCCH format 4 if no UE multiplexing in the same RB issupported. If up to 2 UE multiplexing is supported in the same RB, anorthogonal sequence in Table 13 with spreading factor of 2 can be used,which is similar to PUCCH format 5.

TABLE 13 n_(oc) Orthogonal sequences [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1] 1 [+1 +1 +1+1 +1 +1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1]

The pattern above assumes all symbols in a UL only slot is used. In acase where some or all symbols of a UL centric slot, or a part of ULsymbols in a UL only slot can be used for a long PUCCH, for a long PUCCHdesign should reuse the DMRS pattern for UL only slot.

Similarly, other length 12 OCC codes can be applied to allow multipleUCI symbols to be carried on different subcarriers. For example, For 3UE multiplexing, the OCC in frequency domain can be as given in Table14. Each UE 102 may carry 4 QPSK UCI symbols in each RB of a UCIcarrying symbol.

TABLE 14 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 3 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1] 1 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3)e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3)e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3) 1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)]

For 4 UE multiplexing, the OCC in frequency domain can be given as givenin Table 15. Each UE 102 may carry 3 QPSK UCI symbols in each RB of aUCI carrying symbol.

TABLE 15 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(CDM) (0) Λ w_(n) _(CDM)(N_(SC) ^(RB) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 4 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1] 1 [+1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1−1 +1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1 −1 +1 +1 −1 −1 +1]

With frequency OCC, the same OCC can be applied to all UCI carryingsymbols. Thus, the total number of UCI symbols can be determined basedthe number of UCI carrying.

Therefore, the minimum number of symbols X should be 4 for a long PUCCHin a UL centric slot or UL only slot to ensure a DMRS symbol included ina long PUCCH. If two UEs 102 are multiplexed in the same RB resource,the same orthogonal sequences can be applied on each UCI carryingsymbol.

DMRS patterns and frequency hopping are also described herein. Frequencyhopping is a key feature for PUCCH to provide frequency diversity. Ifconfigured, the PUCCH symbols can be transmitted at different PUCCHregions. For a long PUCCH duration in a slot, only 1 hop is supported.Whether frequency hopping can be supported or not may be determined bythe DMRS patterns, and vice versa. The following discussion forfrequency hopping and DMRS locations may be applicable to bothDFT-S-OFDM based PUCCH and CP-OFDM based PUCCH.

In one method, fixed DMRS pattern in a slot as discussed above can beapplied to any long PUCCH duration in a slot, regardless of the startingand ending symbol within the slot. This provides better DMRS alignmentamong long PUCCHs with different durations.

In another method, a fixed DMRS pattern as discussed above can beapplied from the starting symbol on any long PUCCH durations. Thus, thefixed pattern is corresponding to the starting symbol of a long PUCCHinstead of the beginning of a slot.

In both cases, the fixed DMRS patterns may result in non-optimal DMRSlocations in a PUCCH. Furthermore, frequency hopping may not be possiblein some cases if there is only one DMRS present in a given PUCCHduration. Therefore, with fixed DMRS locations in a slot, frequencyhopping may not be supported for all PUCCH durations. For example, ifthere are 2 DMRSs in every 7 symbols with normal CP, a length 4 longPUCCH can only have one DMRS included, thus frequency hopping cannot beapplied. Depending on the starting symbol location, there are cases withonly one DMRS for long PUCCH durations of 5 or 6 symbols.

Therefore, with fixed DMRS patterns relative to a slot boundary or thestarting symbol of a long PUCCH, frequency hopping may be disabled ifthere is only 1 DMRS in the long PUCCH duration. If there are 2 or moreDMRSs in the long PUCCH duration within a slot, in one approach,frequency hopping may be mandatory; in another approach, whetherfrequency hopping is applied may be configured by higher layersignaling.

With fixed DMRS patterns relative to a slot boundary or the startingsymbol of a long PUCCH, the frequency hopping location may also be fixedbased on the DMRS patterns. FIG. 17 below shows an example of potentialfrequency hopping locations.

In yet another method, the DMRS location is determined in each hop basedon basic structures of building blocks of different length. Since thelong PUCCH duration in a slot may vary between 4-14 symbols, iffrequency hopping is applied, each hop may have 2 to 7 symbols. Thebasic structures of building blocks for each hop are given in FIG. 18.FIGS. 19A and 19B show some examples of DMRS patterns and frequencyhopping locations for different long PUCCH durations

CP-OFDM based long PUCCH is also described herein. To minimize thespecification impact, a common framework can be used for both DFT-S-OFDMand CP-OFDM-based long PUCCH. Thus, at least the same UCI multiplexingmethods as in DFT-S-OFDM-based long PUCCH can be applied forCP-OFDM-based long PUCCH. Furthermore, the RS symbol location can alsobe maintained the same as in DFT-S-OFDM-based PUCCH.

In DFT-S-OFDM based transmissions, the RS is separated by different Z-Csequences. In CP-OFDM based long PUCCH, the RS should be separated byFDM for different UEs 102. Thus, different UEs 102 are assigned withdifferent RS patterns that are not overlapping with other UEs 102. FIG.20 and FIG. 21 show several examples of RS multiplexing for differentUEs 102 with pattern 1 where two RS symbols are used in every 7 symbolsfor NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP. Different UEs 102 are assigned withdifferent subcarriers for RS transmission in the two DMRS symbols. Inthe Figures, each crosshatch represents the DMRS of a different UE 102.

There is a tradeoff between the UE multiplexing capability and thenumber of RS symbols in each RB. In one implementation, a UE 102 may beconfigured with 2 subcarriers for RS transmission within each DMRSsymbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexed with 6 UEs 102.

In another implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriersfor RS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can bemultiplexed with 4 UEs 102.

In another implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriersfor RS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can bemultiplexed with 3 UEs 102.

In yet another implementation, a UE may be configured with 6 subcarriersfor RS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can bemultiplexed with 2 UEs 102.

For CP-OFDM based transmission with 2 RS symbols in each 7 symbols forNCP and every 6 symbols for ECP, the RS can also be located at thebeginning. Thus, a shifted RS pattern can be applied. FIG. 22 shows anexample with NCP.

The pattern above assumes all symbols in a UL only slot is used. In caseof some or all symbols of a UL centric slot, or a part of UL symbols ina UL only slot can be used for a long PUCCH, a long PUCCH design mayreuse the DMRS pattern for UL only slot. That is, the DMRS location in aslot may be fixed regardless of the duration of a long PUCCH. Thisprovides better RS multiplexing capabilities and avoids interferencefrom UCI from other PUCCH transmissions.

Therefore, if a long PUCCH always occupies the UL symbols to the end ofa UL centric or a UL only slot, the minimum number of symbols X shouldbe 3 for a long PUCCH in a UL centric slot or UL only slot to ensure aDMRS symbol included in a long PUCCH. If a long PUCCH can be allocatedwith any set of symbols in a slot, the minimum number of symbols Xshould be 4 for normal CP to ensure a DMRS symbol included in a longPUCCH.

The same UE multiplexing orthogonal sequences can be applied for longPUCCH formats with different number of symbols as described above forDFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCH formats. Furthermore, in a long PUCCH, theRS multiplexing capability should be jointly designed with the UCImultiplexing capability. The actual UE multiplexing capability isdetermined by the minimum of multiplexing capabilities between the RSmultiplexing capability and UCI multiplexing capability.

Similarly, the same frequency division multiplexing (FDM) combinationscan be used on the pattern with a single RS symbol in every 7 symbolsfor NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP. In this case, the RS positionshould be the same as in DFT-S-OFDM based transmission, and no shift ofRS position is needed. FIG. 23 shows several examples for a long PUCCHwith a single DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP with different UEmultiplexing capabilities.

In one implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 2 subcarriers forRS transmission. Thus, an RB can be multiplexed with 6 UEs 102.

In another implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriersfor RS transmission. Thus, an RB can be multiplexed with 4 UEs 102.

In another implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriersfor RS transmission. Thus, an RB can be multiplexed with 3 UEs 102.

In yet another implementation, a UE 102 may be configured with 6subcarriers for RS transmission. Thus, an RB can be multiplexed with 2UEs 102.

To achieve UE multiplexing, the same or similar orthogonal sequence canbe applied on the time domain or frequency domain as in the case with 2DMRS every 7 symbols for NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP.

The pattern above assumes all symbols in a UL only slot is used. In acase where some or all symbols of a UL centric slot, or a part of ULsymbols in a UL only slot can be used for a long PUCCH, the long PUCCHshould reuse the DMRS pattern of a UL only slot. Therefore, the minimumnumber of symbols X should be 4 for a long PUCCH in a UL centric slot ora UL only slot to ensure a DMRS symbol included in a long PUCCH. If twoUEs 102 are multiplexed in the same RB resource, the same orthogonalsequences can be applied on each UCI carrying symbol.

Furthermore, in a long PUCCH, the RS multiplexing capability should bejointly designed with the UCI multiplexing capability. The actual UEmultiplexing capability is determined by the minimum of multiplexingcapabilities between the RS multiplexing capability and UCI multiplexingcapability. Therefore, in case of more than two UEs 102 are multiplexedon a RB using a RS pattern, the UCI multiplexing capability may beredesigned similar to the two DMRS symbol case.

In one format, within each RB, different UCI symbols are transmitted ondifferent OFDM symbols, and spreading factor is applied at frequencydomain with the Z-C sequence. This is similar to LTE PUCCH Format 2. Thesame structure can be used in a long PUCCH occupying all symbols or somesymbols of a UL centric slot or some symbols of a UL only slot. Thisresults in a reduced number of UCI carrying symbols compared with a longPUCCH occupying all symbols of a UL only slot.

Also in this format, the frequency domain multiplexing may apply alength 12 orthogonal covering code in each RB instead of Z-C sequence.This allows multiple UCI symbols to be carried on different subcarriers.The same length 12 OCC codes in frequency domain defined above forDFT-S-OFDM based PUCCH can be used for CP-OFDM based PUCCH as well.

In another format, within each RB, different UCI symbols are transmittedon different subcarriers, and spreading factor is applied at time domainwith the orthogonal sequences since a long PUCCH occupying part of aslot in a UL centric slot or UL only slot may have different number ofUL symbols.

If all symbols are used, up to 6 orthogonal sequences of length 6 can begenerated (e.g., with the following sequences in Table 14). If only somesymbols are used, the number of orthogonal sequences may be reduced witha reduced length, and the corresponding orthogonal sequences with lengthof 2, 3, 4, and 5 above can be used. Table 16 provides an orthogonalsequence w_(n) _(oc) (i) for a 6 symbol spreading.

TABLE 16 Sequence Orthogonal sequence [w_(n) _(oc) (0) Λ w_(n) _(oc)(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) − 1)] index n_(oc) N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) = 6 0 [1 1 1 1 1 1]1 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) 1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)] 3 [1 1 1 −1 −1 −1] 4 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3) −1e^(j5π/3) e^(jπ/3)] 5 [1 e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3) −1 e^(jπ/3) e^(j5π/3)]

For frequency hopping of a long PUCCH with CP-OFDM, the same methods asin DFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCH can be used. In one method, a fixed DMRSpattern in a slot as discussed above can be applied to any long PUCCHduration in a slot, regardless of the starting and ending symbol withinthe slot. This may provide better DMRS alignment among long PUCCHs withdifferent durations.

In another method, a fixed DMRS pattern as discussed above can beapplied from the starting symbol on any long PUCCH durations. Thus, thefixed pattern is corresponding to the starting symbol of a long PUCCHinstead of the beginning of a slot.

Therefore, with fixed DMRS patterns relative to a slot boundary or thestarting symbol of a long PUCCH, frequency hopping may be disabled ifthere is only 1 DMRS in the long PUCCH duration. If there are 2 or moreDMRSs in the long PUCCH duration within a slot, in one approach,frequency hopping may be mandatory. In another approach, whetherfrequency hopping is applied may be configured by higher layersignaling.

Compared with the fixed DMRS patterns for DFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCH,the DMRS pattern for CP-OFDM based long PUCCH may be shifted (e.g.,front loaded DMRS in each hop).

With fixed DMRS patterns relative to a slot boundary or the startingsymbol of a long PUCCH, the frequency hopping location may also be fixedbased on the DMRS patterns. Depending on the starting and ending symbolsof a long PUCCH in a slot, only 1 hop should be supported. The hoppinglocation is determined based on the closest location to the middle ofthe long PUCCH duration of N symbols (i.e., the closest fixed hoppinglocation relative to the end of the Xth symbol where X=floor(N/2) [orceil(N/2)]).

In yet another method, the DMRS location is determined in each hop basedon basic structures of building blocks of different length, same asDFT-S-OFDM based long PUCCH. The DMRS for CP-OFDM based PUCCH in eachhop may be shifted compared with DFT-S-OFDM based PUCCH.

This method provides optimal DMRS locations for all long PUCCH durationsbetween 4-14 symbols. With this method, the long PUCCH may be includedin a single slot, or in continuous symbols cross over in multiple slots.It should be noted that the frequency hopping may be mandatory for alllong PUCCH lengths in a slot.

It should also be noted that the method can be used to determine theDMRS location/pattern regardless whether frequency hopping is configuredor not on a long PUCCH. Two approaches can be considered if frequencyhopping is not configured. In one approach, for any long PUCCH lengthsbetween 4-14 symbols, the same DMRS position is determined as iffrequency hopping is configured. In another approach, if the long PUCCHduration is between 4-7 symbols inclusively, the DMRS position may bedetermined with the pattern of one hop as described in connection within FIG. 18.

As described above, for CP-OFDM-based long PUCCH, the DMRS symbollocations can be used as in DFT-S-OFDM-based long PUCCH. On the otherhand, CP-OFDM-based long PUCCH can be more flexible on DMRS pattern. Forexample, the DMRS locations can be spread in the frequency domain otherthan time domain. FIG. 24 shows several examples of DMRS spreads in thefrequency domain on 2 subcarriers, 3 subcarriers and 4 subcarrierswithin each RB for NCP. For each number of RS in a RB, two potentialDMRS locations are provided.

For DMRS multiplexing, different orthogonal sequences may be applied fordifferent UEs 102. The number of available orthogonal sequence dependson the number of symbols in a slot used for the long PUCCH format. Forexample, in a UL only slot with length of 7 or 14 for normal CP or 6 or12 for extended CP, the number of orthogonal sequence can be the same asthe number of symbols in a slot.

On the other hand, if a long PUCCH is configured in a UL centric slot,the minimum number of symbols of a long PUCCH can be X=3. The number oforthogonal sequences for a long PUCCH in a UL centric slot is the sameas the number of symbols of the long PUCCH in the UL centric slot.

Alternatively, for DMRS UE multiplexing, different UEs 102 can beallocated with different symbols in the time domain with a DMRS pattern.FIG. 25 shows several examples where four UEs 102 are multiplexed withdifferent DMRS patterns. In FIG. 25, each crosshatch represents the DMRSpattern of a given UE 102.

For UCI data, orthogonal sequences can be applied on either a timedomain or a frequency domain for UE multiplexing. If an orthogonalsequence is spread in the time domain, the sequence length can be 7 forNCP, and 6 for ECP. If an orthogonal sequence is spread in the frequencydomain, the sequence length can be the number of subcarriers per RBminus the number of subcarriers for DMRS.

In a case where some or all symbols of a UL centric slot, or a part ofUL symbols in a UL only slot can be used for a long PUCCH, the minimumnumber of symbols of a long PUCCH can be X=3 or X=4 to ensure at leasttwo DMRS symbols present for each UE 102.

In a long PUCCH in a UL centric slot, for UCI data, orthogonal sequencescan be applied on either time domain or frequency domain for UEmultiplexing. If an orthogonal sequence is spread at time domain, thenumber of orthogonal sequences, thus the sequence length can be the sameas the number of symbols for the long PUCCH in the UL centric slot. Ifan orthogonal sequence is spread at frequency domain, the sequencelength can be the number of subcarriers per RB minus the number ofsubcarriers for DMRS.

Configuration of a long PUCCH is also described herein. For a longPUCCH, both continuous and distributed resource allocation should besupported. The PUCCH resource allocation may be performed in RB level.In one method, a long PUCCH resource can be configured localized incontiguous RBs in a PUCCH region/subband. In another method, a longPUCCH resource can be configured in a distributed manner withnon-contiguous RBs in a PUCCH region/subband. In this case, a PUCCHresource pattern should be configured with a PUCCH region/subband for agiven UE 102. If a single PUCCH region/subband is configured, the sizeand the position of the PUCCH region/subband can be configured.

To provide frequency diversity, frequency hopping of a long PUCCH can beconfigured. In this case, separate PUCCH regions or subbands should beconfigured for a UE 102, and the PUCCH can be transmitted with frequencyhopping in different regions/subbands, as shown in FIG. 26.

In one method, if a long PUCCH spans over multiple slots, frequencyhopping can be applied at the slot level. Thus, adjacent slots aretransmitted at different control regions/subbands.

In another method, if a long PUCCH spans over multiples of 7 symbols forNCP or multiples of 6 symbols for ECP, frequency hopping can be appliedon every 7 symbols for NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP. Thus, differentcontrol regions/subbands are switched every 7 symbols for NCP and every6 symbols for ECP. This method is slightly different from the abovemethod. For example, a slot may have 7 or 14 symbols depending on thefrequency band. Thus, this method has sub-slot frequency hopping if aslot has 14 symbols. This can be an inter-slot hopping if a slot is 7symbols for NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP. This can be an intra-slothopping if a slot is 14 symbols for NCP and 12 symbols for ECP.

In yet another method, if a long PUCCH occupies a single slot of 7symbols for NCP or 6 symbols for ECP, frequency hopping can be appliedat sub-slot symbol level, i.e. the first 4 symbols for NCP and first 3symbols for ECP are transmitted in one control subband, and theremaining 3 symbols are transmitted in another control subband. In oneapproach, this sub-slot frequency hopping method can be used for alllengths of a long PUCCH. This can be viewed as an intra-slot hopping.The intra-slot frequency hopping can be applied even if a long PUCCHspans over multiple slots.

The frequency hopping may not be applied in a UL centric slot if thereare only 1 DMRS in the long PUCCH, or if the number of symbols is only 3or 4 symbols.

The multiple PUCCH regions or subbands can also be viewed as adistributed resource allocation for a long PUCCH. Especially, in atransmission in unlicensed spectrum, a distributed resource mapping isimportant to satisfy the regulatory requirements. In a case wheremultiple PUCCH regions/subbands are configured, the size of each PUCCHregion/subband can be configured, and the positions of PUCCHregions/subbands can be configured with a pattern within the carrier.

Similarly, a UE 102 can be configured with two PUCCH resources toprovide transmit diversity. The two PUCCH resources can be configured ina single PUCCH region/subband, or different PUCCH regions/subbands. ThePUCCH resources can be localized with contiguous RB allocations ordistributed manner with non-contiguous RB allocations.

In LTE, multiple PUCCH formats are defined for different maximum payloadsizes. Similarly in NR, multiple long PUCCH formats should be configuredfor different maximum payload sizes and multiplexing capabilities. Thus,the tradeoff between RS, information bits and multiplexing capabilitiesshould be considered.

Furthermore, for a given PUCCH format, the resource allocation can bemore flexible than LTE depending on the channel conditions. For UEs 102with very good signal conditions, fewer RB resources may be allocatedfor a PUCCH. For UEs 102 with bad signal conditions (e.g., cell edge UEs102), more RB resources may be allocated for a PUCCH.

Therefore, for a long PUCCH, at least the following parameters may beconfigured for a given UE 102: the waveform (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM orCP-OFDM); a long PUCCH may occupy multiple RBs and the number of RBs ofa long PUCCH may be configured (e.g., based on the payload size); a longPUCCH may occupy one or more slots and the length of a long PUCCH can beconfigurable based on the payload size and delay tolerance, etc.; atradeoff can be considered between the number of RBs and the number ofslot; the RS pattern and RS position; the spreading sequence for UCImultiplexing; frequency diversity with multiple PUCCH regions/subbands;transmit diversity with two configured PUCCH resources; the location ofone or more configured PUCCH regions/subbands including size andposition of each PUCCH subband/region in the carrier; and localized ordistributed resource allocation for a PUCCH resource in a PUCCHregion/subband.

In order to reduce the signaling overhead, a list of supported longuplink control channel formats can be specified, each with a given setof parameters, and the name or index of a supported long PUCCH formatmay be indicated or configured to a UE 102.

Band specific considerations of a long PUCCH are also described herein.The 5G NR supports different frequency bands with different channelcharacteristics. Thus, the PUCCH behavior may be different for differentfrequency bands. For below 6 GHz frequency bands, the channel conditionis more stable. Thus, it is better to use a semi-static configured PUCCHresource, or a dynamic indicated PUCCH resource.

Besides reusing the same DMRS positions as in a long PUCCH spans overall symbols in a slot, for a long PUCCH in a partial slot (e.g., in a ULcentric or UL only slot), the DMRS positions can also configured by RRCsignaling or indicated by physical layer signaling. In this case, theDMRS locations may be different from a long PUCCH spans over all symbolsin a slot. However, the same orthogonal sequences and/or RS patternsdescribed before can be applied on the RS REs, and the same orthogonalsequences described before for UCI carrying REs can also reused.

For frequency band above 6 GHz, beamforming technology is critical foroperation. Considering beam sweeping, a UE 102 may use different beamsin different symbols, the DMRS from different symbols may not beappropriate for decoding of a different symbol. Thus, several methodscan be considered for long PUCCH format at higher frequency bands above6 GHz.

In a first method (Method 1), a long PUCCH can be configured with lessnumber of symbols with the same beam in time domain and more RBs infrequency domain. For example, the long PUCCH can be limited to 7symbols for NCP and 6 symbols for ECP, or limited to a single slotlength.

In a second method (Method 2), a long PUCCH can be configured with abeam pattern (i.e., a pattern for the symbols with the same beam). Thesymbols of a long PUCCH may be spread over the beam pattern.

In a third method (Method 3), a long PUCCH can use self-contained DMRSin each symbol. The UE multiplexing within a RB can be reduced oreliminated. Furthermore, DMRS of 1 symbol short PUCCH can be used ineach symbol. FIG. 27 shows the reference signal pattern designs. Foreach RS setting, at least two patterns can be defined, denoted aspattern 1 and pattern 2 without loss of generality. Staggered DMRSpattern or different DMRS patterns can be applied on different symbols.The UE 102 may use contiguous symbols or non-contiguous symbols definedby a symbol pattern. The symbol pattern may be configured by the gNB160. The same beam can be applied on the symbols in the symbol pattern.Or different beams can be applied on the symbols in the symbol patternif self-contained DMRS is used in each symbol.

For a long PUCCH above 6 GHz frequency band, in one method, the gNB 160may indicate which symbols and/or beams should be used for long PUCCHtransmission by semi-static higher layer singling or dynamic signalingvia DCI. To determine the long PUCCH resource, 5G NR requires moreconfigurations. At least one of the following aspects may be supportedin NR. A long PUCCH format and/or resource for a UE 102 can besemi-statically configured by higher layer signaling. A long PUCCHformat and/or resource for a UE 102 can be dynamically indicated byphysical layer signaling (e.g., a DCI). Different long PUCCH formats maybe configured or utilized for different types of UCI feedback andpayload sizes.

The PUCCH resource configuration has a tradeoff between semi-static RRCsignaling and dynamic DCI indication. In general, the PUCCHformat/structure should be configured by RRC signaling, and the actualPUCCH resource to be used for UCI reporting should be determined byexplicit DCI indication.

Therefore, a UE 102 can be configured with a set of long PUCCH resourceswith detailed parameters. The parameters include the PUCCH formats, theresource allocation, etc. And the DCI indicates the long PUCCH indexwithin the RRC configured set of resources. In another method, the PUCCHresources may be indexed based on a RRC configured long PUCCH structure.A UE 102 may be configured with a set of PUCCH resources based on thePUCCH indexes. The DCI indicates the index of a PUCCH resource in a setof PUCCH resources configured for a UE 102.

PUCCH considerations for URLLC are also described herein. Forultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) traffic, severalaspects need to be considered for PUCCH transmissions. URLLC trafficrequires ultra-reliability and low latency, and may collide with a PUCCHor PUSCH transmission of the same UE 102. As a general rule, the URLLCtraffic should have higher priority than any other UL transmissions.

In the case where a PUCCH transmission collides with a URLLC traffic inthe same symbol, the URLLC should have higher priority. Several methodscan be considered.

In a first method (Method 1), URLLC traffic is transmitted and the PUCCHin the overlapping symbol is dropped. This is a simple solution and canbe applicable in all cases regardless of PUCCH waveforms and/ornumerologies. The whole short PUCCH should be dropped for a 1-symbolPUCCH. For a 2-symbol PUCCH, if the URLLC collides with the first symbolof a short PUCCH, all short PUCCH symbols should be dropped. If a2-symbol short PUCCH transmission already starts, and the URLLC collideswith the 2nd symbol in a 2-symbol short PUCCH, the second symbol of theshort PUCCH is dropped.

For a long PUCCH transmission, the over lapping symbols should bedropped to give higher priority to a URLLC transmission. A long PUCCHtransmission may resume after the URLLC transmission. The UE 102 maydrop the remaining long PUCCH transmission if the number of PUCCHsymbols punctured by the URLLC is above a threshold because the PUCCH isnot likely to be decoded correctly. The threshold value may besemi-statically configured for a given long PUCCH format.

In a second method (Method 2), simultaneous transmission of URLLC andPUCCH may be performed, with power scaling on PUCCH if necessary. Ifsimultaneous transmission of URLLC and PUCCH is supported on the samesymbol, UL transmit power should be allocated to the URLLC trafficfirst. The remaining power can be power scaled on the PUCCH REs in thesame UL symbol. This can be applied if the PUCCH REs does not overlapwith URLLC transmission REs.

In case of overlapping REs between URLLC and PUCCH, the URLLC signalsare transmitted and PUCCH symbols on corresponding REs may be dropped.In another alternative, in case of overlapping REs between URLLC andPUCCH, the URLLC signals are transmitted and entire PUCCH symbol shouldbe dropped as in method 1.

It should be noted that if URLLC traffic and PUCCH uses differentwaveforms, simultaneous transmission of URLLC and PUCCH may not bepossible. Also, if URLLC traffic and PUCCH uses different numerologies,some guard interval may be required between different numerologies, andsimultaneous transmission of URLLC and PUCCH may not be supported insome cases.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 148 to the one ormore receivers 120. For example, the UE operations module 124 may informthe receiver(s) 120 when to receive retransmissions.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 138 to thedemodulator 114. For example, the UE operations module 124 may informthe demodulator 114 of a modulation pattern anticipated fortransmissions from the gNB 160.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 136 to the decoder108. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform the decoder108 of an anticipated encoding for transmissions from the gNB 160.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 142 to the encoder150. The information 142 may include data to be encoded and/orinstructions for encoding. For example, the UE operations module 124 mayinstruct the encoder 150 to encode transmission data 146 and/or otherinformation 142. The other information 142 may include PDSCH HARQ-ACKinformation.

The encoder 150 may encode transmission data 146 and/or otherinformation 142 provided by the UE operations module 124. For example,encoding the data 146 and/or other information 142 may involve errordetection and/or correction coding, mapping data to space, time and/orfrequency resources for transmission, multiplexing, etc. The encoder 150may provide encoded data 152 to the modulator 154.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 144 to themodulator 154. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform themodulator 154 of a modulation type (e.g., constellation mapping) to beused for transmissions to the gNB 160. The modulator 154 may modulatethe encoded data 152 to provide one or more modulated signals 156 to theone or more transmitters 158.

The UE operations module 124 may provide information 140 to the one ormore transmitters 158. This information 140 may include instructions forthe one or more transmitters 158. For example, the UE operations module124 may instruct the one or more transmitters 158 when to transmit asignal to the gNB 160. For instance, the one or more transmitters 158may transmit during a UL subframe. The one or more transmitters 158 mayupconvert and transmit the modulated signal(s) 156 to one or more gNBs160.

Each of the one or more gNBs 160 may include one or more transceivers176, one or more demodulators 172, one or more decoders 166, one or moreencoders 109, one or more modulators 113, a data buffer 162 and a gNBoperations module 182. For example, one or more reception and/ortransmission paths may be implemented in a gNB 160. For convenience,only a single transceiver 176, decoder 166, demodulator 172, encoder 109and modulator 113 are illustrated in the gNB 160, though multipleparallel elements (e.g., transceivers 176, decoders 166, demodulators172, encoders 109 and modulators 113) may be implemented.

The transceiver 176 may include one or more receivers 178 and one ormore transmitters 117. The one or more receivers 178 may receive signalsfrom the UE 102 using one or more antennas 180 a-n. For example, thereceiver 178 may receive and downconvert signals to produce one or morereceived signals 174. The one or more received signals 174 may beprovided to a demodulator 172. The one or more transmitters 117 maytransmit signals to the UE 102 using one or more antennas 180 a-n. Forexample, the one or more transmitters 117 may upconvert and transmit oneor more modulated signals 115.

The demodulator 172 may demodulate the one or more received signals 174to produce one or more demodulated signals 170. The one or moredemodulated signals 170 may be provided to the decoder 166. The gNB 160may use the decoder 166 to decode signals. The decoder 166 may produceone or more decoded signals 164, 168. For example, a first eNB-decodedsignal 164 may comprise received payload data, which may be stored in adata buffer 162. A second eNB-decoded signal 168 may comprise overheaddata and/or control data. For example, the second eNB-decoded signal 168may provide data (e.g., PDSCH HARQ-ACK information) that may be used bythe gNB operations module 182 to perform one or more operations.

In general, the gNB operations module 182 may enable the gNB 160 tocommunicate with the one or more UEs 102. The gNB operations module 182may include one or more of a gNB long PUCCH module 194. The gNB longPUCCH module 194 may implement a long PUCCH design for 5G NR asdescribed herein.

The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 188 to thedemodulator 172. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may informthe demodulator 172 of a modulation pattern anticipated fortransmissions from the UE(s) 102.

The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 186 to the decoder166. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may inform the decoder166 of an anticipated encoding for transmissions from the UE(s) 102.

The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 101 to the encoder109. The information 101 may include data to be encoded and/orinstructions for encoding. For example, the gNB operations module 182may instruct the encoder 109 to encode information 101, includingtransmission data 105.

The encoder 109 may encode transmission data 105 and/or otherinformation included in the information 101 provided by the gNBoperations module 182. For example, encoding the data 105 and/or otherinformation included in the information 101 may involve error detectionand/or correction coding, mapping data to space, time and/or frequencyresources for transmission, multiplexing, etc. The encoder 109 mayprovide encoded data 111 to the modulator 113. The transmission data 105may include network data to be relayed to the UE 102.

The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 103 to themodulator 113. This information 103 may include instructions for themodulator 113. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may inform themodulator 113 of a modulation type (e.g., constellation mapping) to beused for transmissions to the UE(s) 102. The modulator 113 may modulatethe encoded data 111 to provide one or more modulated signals 115 to theone or more transmitters 117.

The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 192 to the one ormore transmitters 117. This information 192 may include instructions forthe one or more transmitters 117. For example, the gNB operations module182 may instruct the one or more transmitters 117 when to (or when notto) transmit a signal to the UE(s) 102. The one or more transmitters 117may upconvert and transmit the modulated signal(s) 115 to one or moreUEs 102.

It should be noted that a DL subframe may be transmitted from the gNB160 to one or more UEs 102 and that a UL subframe may be transmittedfrom one or more UEs 102 to the gNB 160. Furthermore, both the gNB 160and the one or more UEs 102 may transmit data in a standard specialsubframe.

It should also be noted that one or more of the elements or partsthereof included in the eNB(s) 160 and UE(s) 102 may be implemented inhardware. For example, one or more of these elements or parts thereofmay be implemented as a chip, circuitry or hardware components, etc. Itshould also be noted that one or more of the functions or methodsdescribed herein may be implemented in and/or performed using hardware.For example, one or more of the methods described herein may beimplemented in and/or realized using a chipset, an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) orintegrated circuit, etc.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid for thedownlink. The resource grid illustrated in FIG. 2 may be utilized insome implementations of the systems and methods disclosed herein. Moredetail regarding the resource grid is given in connection with FIG. 1.

In FIG. 2, one downlink subframe 269 may include two downlink slots 283.N^(DL) _(RB) downlink bandwidth configuration of the serving cell,expressed in multiples of N^(RB) _(sc), where N^(RB) _(sc) is a resourceblock 289 size in the frequency domain expressed as a number ofsubcarriers, and N^(DL) _(symb) is the number of OFDM symbols 287 in adownlink slot 283. A resource block 289 may include a number of resourceelements (RE) 291.

For a PCell, N^(DL) _(RB) is broadcast as a part of system information.For an SCell (including a licensed assisted access (LAA) SCell), N^(DL)_(RB) is configured by a RRC message dedicated to a UE 102. For PDSCHmapping, the available RE 291 may be the RE 291 whose index 1 fulfils1≥1_(data,start) and/or 1_(data,end)≥1 in a subframe.

In the downlink, the OFDM access scheme with cyclic prefix (CP) may beemployed, which may be also referred to as CP-OFDM. In the downlink,PDCCH, enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH), PDSCH and the like may be transmitted. Adownlink radio frame may consist of multiple pairs of downlink resourceblocks (RBs) which is also referred to as physical resource blocks(PRBs). The downlink RB pair is a unit for assigning downlink radioresources, defined by a predetermined bandwidth (RB bandwidth) and atime slot. The downlink RB pair consists of two downlink RBs that arecontinuous in the time domain.

The downlink RB consists of twelve sub-carriers in frequency domain andseven (for normal CP) or six (for extended CP) OFDM symbols in timedomain. A region defined by one sub-carrier in frequency domain and oneOFDM symbol in time domain is referred to as a resource element (RE) andis uniquely identified by the index pair (k,l) in a slot, where k and lare indices in the frequency and time domains, respectively. Whiledownlink subframes in one component carrier (CC) are discussed herein,downlink subframes are defined for each CC and downlink subframes aresubstantially in synchronization with each other among CCs.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid for theuplink. The resource grid illustrated in FIG. 3 may be utilized in someimplementations of the systems and methods disclosed herein. More detailregarding the resource grid is given in connection with FIG. 1.

In FIG. 3, one uplink subframe 369 may include two uplink slots 383.N^(UL) _(RB) is uplink bandwidth configuration of the serving cell,expressed in multiples of N^(RB) _(sc), where N^(RB) _(sc) is a resourceblock 389 size in the frequency domain expressed as a number ofsubcarriers, and N^(UL) _(symb) is the number of SC-FDMA symbols 393 inan uplink slot 383. A resource block 389 may include a number ofresource elements (RE) 391.

For a PCell, N^(UL) _(RB) is broadcast as a part of system information.For an SCell (including an LAA SCell), N^(UL) _(RB) is configured by aRRC message dedicated to a UE 102.

In the uplink, in addition to CP-OFDM, a Single-Carrier FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) access scheme may be employed, whichis also referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform-Spreading OFDM(DFT-S-OFDM). In the uplink, PUCCH, PDSCH, PRACH and the like may betransmitted. An uplink radio frame may consist of multiple pairs ofuplink resource blocks. The uplink RB pair is a unit for assigninguplink radio resources, defined by a predetermined bandwidth (RBbandwidth) and a time slot. The uplink RB pair consists of two uplinkRBs that are continuous in the time domain.

The uplink RB may consist of twelve sub-carriers in frequency domain andseven (for normal CP) or six (for extended CP) OFDM/DFT-S-OFDM symbolsin time domain. A region defined by one sub-carrier in the frequencydomain and one OFDM/DFT-S-OFDM symbol in the time domain is referred toas a RE and is uniquely identified by the index pair (k,l) in a slot,where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domainsrespectively. While uplink subframes in one component carrier (CC) arediscussed herein, uplink subframes are defined for each CC.

FIG. 4 shows examples of several numerologies 401. The numerology #1 401a may be a basic numerology (e.g., a reference numerology). For example,a RE 495 a of the basic numerology 401 a may be defined with subcarrierspacing 405 a of 15 kHz in frequency domain and 2048Ts+CP length (e.g.,160Ts or 144Ts) in time domain (i.e., symbol length #1 403 a), where Tsdenotes a baseband sampling time unit defined as 1/(15000*2048) seconds.For the i-th numerology, the subcarrier spacing 405 may be equal to15*2^(i) and the effective OFDM symbol length 2048*2^(−i)*Ts. It maycause the symbol length is 2048*2^(−i)*Ts+CP length (e.g., 160*2^(−i)*Tsor 144*2^(−i)*Ts). In other words, the subcarrier spacing of the i+1-thnumerology is a double of the one for the i-th numerology, and thesymbol length of the i+1-th numerology is a half of the one for the i-thnumerology. FIG. 4 shows four numerologies, but the system may supportanother number of numerologies. Furthermore, the system does not have tosupport all of the 0-th to the I-th numerologies, i=0, 1, . . . , I.

FIG. 5 shows examples of subframe structures for the numerologies 501that are shown in FIG. 4. Given that a slot 283 includes N^(DL)_(symb (or N) ^(UL) _(symb))=7 symbols, the slot length of the i+1-thnumerology 501 is a half of the one for the i-th numerology 501, andeventually the number of slots 283 in a subframe (i.e., 1 ms) becomesdouble. It may be noted that a radio frame may include 10 subframes, andthe radio frame length may be equal to 10 ms.

FIG. 6 shows examples of slots 683 and sub-slots 607. If a sub-slot 607is not configured by higher layer, the UE 102 and the eNB/gNB 160 mayonly use a slot 683 as a scheduling unit. More specifically, a giventransport block may be allocated to a slot 683. If the sub-slot 607 isconfigured by higher layer, the UE 102 and the eNB/gNB 160 may use thesub-slot 607 as well as the slot 683. The sub-slot 607 may include oneor more OFDM symbols. The maximum number of OFDM symbols that constitutethe sub-slot 607 may be N^(DL) _(symb)−1 (or N^(UL) _(symb)−1).

The sub-slot length may be configured by higher layer signaling.Alternatively, the sub-slot length may be indicated by a physical layercontrol channel (e.g., by DCI format).

The sub-slot 607 may start at any symbol within a slot 683 unless itcollides with a control channel. There could be restrictions ofmini-slot length based on restrictions on starting position. Forexample, the sub-slot 607 with the length of N^(DL) _(symb)−1 (or N^(UL)_(symb)−1) may start at the second symbol in a slot 683. The startingposition of a sub-slot 607 may be indicated by a physical layer controlchannel (e.g., by DCI format). Alternatively, the starting position of asub-slot 607 may be derived from information (e.g., search space index,blind decoding candidate index, frequency and/or time resource indices,PRB index, a control channel element index, control channel elementaggregation level, an antenna port index, etc.) of the physical layercontrol channel which schedules the data in the concerned sub-slot 607.

In cases when the sub-slot 607 is configured, a given transport blockmay be allocated to either a slot 683, a sub-slot 607, aggregatedsub-slots 607 or aggregated sub-slot(s) 607 and slot 683. This unit mayalso be a unit for HARQ-ACK bit generation.

FIG. 7 shows examples of scheduling timelines 709. For a normal DLscheduling timeline 709 a, DL control channels are mapped the initialpart of a slot 783 a. The DL control channels 711 schedule DL sharedchannels 713 a in the same slot 783 a. HARQ-ACKs for the DL sharedchannels 713 a (i.e., HARQ-ACKs each of which indicates whether or nottransport block in each DL shared channel 713 a is detectedsuccessfully) are reported via UL control channels 715 a in a later slot783 b. In this instance, a given slot 783 may contain either one of DLtransmission and UL transmission.

For a normal UL scheduling timeline 709 b, DL control channels 711 b aremapped the initial part of a slot 783 c. The DL control channels 711 bschedule UL shared channels 717 a in a later slot 783 d. For thesecases, the association timing (time shift) between the DL slot 783 c andthe UL slot 783 d may be fixed or configured by higher layer signaling.Alternatively, it may be indicated by a physical layer control channel(e.g., the DL assignment DCI format, the UL grant DCI format, or anotherDCI format such as UE-common signaling DCI format which may be monitoredin common search space).

For a self-contained base DL scheduling timeline 709 c, DL controlchannels 711 c are mapped to the initial part of a slot 783 e. The DLcontrol channels 711 c schedule DL shared channels 713 b in the sameslot 783 e. HARQ-ACKs for the DL shared channels 713 b are reported inUL control channels 715 b, which are mapped at the ending part of theslot 783 e.

For a self-contained base UL scheduling timeline 709 d, DL controlchannels 711 d are mapped to the initial part of a slot 783 f. The DLcontrol channels 711 d schedule UL shared channels 717 b in the sameslot 783 f. For these cases, the slot 783 f may contain DL and ULportions, and there may be a guard period between the DL and ULtransmissions.

The use of a self-contained slot may be upon a configuration ofself-contained slot. Alternatively, the use of a self-contained slot maybe upon a configuration of the sub-slot. Yet alternatively, the use of aself-contained slot may be upon a configuration of shortened physicalchannel (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, etc.).

FIG. 8 shows examples of DL control channel monitoring regions. One ormore sets of PRB(s) may be configured for DL control channel monitoring.In other words, a control resource set is, in the frequency domain, aset of PRBs within which the UE 102 attempts to blindly decode downlinkcontrol information, where the PRBs may or may not be frequencycontiguous, a UE 102 may have one or more control resource sets, and oneDCI message may be located within one control resource set. In thefrequency-domain, a PRB is the resource unit size (which may or may notinclude DM-RS) for a control channel. A DL shared channel may start at alater OFDM symbol than the one(s) which carries the detected DL controlchannel. Alternatively, the DL shared channel may start at (or earlierthan) an OFDM symbol than the last OFDM symbol which carries thedetected DL control channel. In other words, dynamic reuse of at leastpart of resources in the control resource sets for data for the same ora different UE 102, at least in the frequency domain may be supported.

FIG. 9 shows examples of DL control channel which consists of more thanone control channel elements. When the control resource set spansmultiple OFDM symbols, a control channel candidate may be mapped tomultiple OFDM symbols or may be mapped to a single OFDM symbol. One DLcontrol channel element may be mapped on REs defined by a single PRB anda single OFDM symbol. If more than one DL control channel elements areused for a single DL control channel transmission, DL control channelelement aggregation may be performed.

The number of aggregated DL control channel elements is referred to asDL control channel element aggregation level. The DL control channelelement aggregation level may be 1 or 2 to the power of an integer. ThegNB 160 may inform a UE 102 of which control channel candidates aremapped to each subset of OFDM symbols in the control resource set. Ifone DL control channel is mapped to a single OFDM symbol and does notspan multiple OFDM symbols, the DL control channel element aggregationis performed within an OFDM symbol, namely multiple DL control channelelements within an OFDM symbol are aggregated. Otherwise, DL controlchannel elements in different OFDM symbols can be aggregated.

FIG. 10 shows examples of UL control channel structures. UL controlchannel may be mapped on REs which are defined a PRB and a slot infrequency and time domains, respectively. This UL control channel may bereferred to as a long format (or just the 1st format). UL controlchannels may be mapped on REs on a limited OFDM symbols in time domain.This may be referred to as a short format (or just the 2nd format). TheUL control channels with a short format may be mapped on REs within asingle PRB. Alternatively, the UL control channels with a short formatmay be mapped on REs within multiple PRBs. For example, interlacedmapping may be applied, namely the UL control channel may be mapped toevery N PRBs (e.g. 5 or 10) within a system bandwidth.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of an gNB1160. The gNB 1160 may include a higher layer processor 1123, a DLtransmitter 1125, a UL receiver 1133, and one or more antenna 1131. TheDL transmitter 1125 may include a PDCCH transmitter 1127 and a PDSCHtransmitter 1129. The UL receiver 1133 may include a PUCCH receiver 1135and a PUSCH receiver 1137.

The higher layer processor 1123 may manage physical layer's behaviors(the DL transmitter's and the UL receiver's behaviors) and providehigher layer parameters to the physical layer. The higher layerprocessor 1123 may obtain transport blocks from the physical layer. Thehigher layer processor 1123 may send/acquire higher layer messages suchas an RRC message and MAC message to/from a UE's higher layer. Thehigher layer processor 1123 may provide the PDSCH transmitter transportblocks and provide the PDCCH transmitter transmission parameters relatedto the transport blocks.

The DL transmitter 1125 may multiplex downlink physical channels anddownlink physical signals (including reservation signal) and transmitthem via transmission antennas 1131. The UL receiver 1133 may receivemultiplexed uplink physical channels and uplink physical signals viareceiving antennas 1131 and de-multiplex them. The PUCCH receiver 1135may provide the higher layer processor 1123 UCI. The PUSCH receiver 1137may provide the higher layer processor 1123 received transport blocks.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE 1202.The UE 1202 may include a higher layer processor 1223, a UL transmitter1251, a DL receiver 1243, and one or more antenna 1231. The ULtransmitter 1251 may include a PUCCH transmitter 1253 and a PUSCHtransmitter 1255. The DL receiver 1243 may include a PDCCH receiver 1245and a PDSCH receiver 1247.

The higher layer processor 1223 may manage physical layer's behaviors(the UL transmitter's and the DL receiver's behaviors) and providehigher layer parameters to the physical layer. The higher layerprocessor 1223 may obtain transport blocks from the physical layer. Thehigher layer processor 1223 may send/acquire higher layer messages suchas an RRC message and MAC message to/from a UE's higher layer. Thehigher layer processor 1223 may provide the PUSCH transmitter transportblocks and provide the PUCCH transmitter 1253 UCI.

The DL receiver 1243 may receive multiplexed downlink physical channelsand downlink physical signals via receiving antennas 1231 andde-multiplex them. The PDCCH receiver 1245 may provide the higher layerprocessor 1223 DCI. The PDSCH receiver 1247 may provide the higher layerprocessor 1223 received transport blocks.

It should be noted that names of physical channels described herein areexamples. The other names such as “NRPDCCH, NRPDSCH, NRPUCCH andNRPUSCH”, “new Generation-(G)PDCCH, GPDSCH, GPUCCH and GPUSCH” or thelike can be used.

FIG. 13 illustrates several examples of long PUCCH duration design. Inthe example of FIG. 13(a), a long PUCCH spans over the whole UL onlyslot.

In the example of FIG. 13(b), a long PUCCH spans over multiple UL onlyslots.

In the example of FIG. 13(c), a long PUCCH spans over the whole ULcentric slot.

In the example of FIG. 13(d), a long PUCCH spans over the whole ULcentric slot and one or more consecutive UL only slots.

In the example of FIG. 13(e), a long PUCCH spans over some symbols tothe end of a UL centric slot or a UL only slot.

In the example of FIG. 13(f), a long PUCCH spans over some symbols tothe end of a UL centric slot or a UL only slot and one or moreconsecutive UL only slots.

In the example of FIG. 13(g), a long PUCCH spans over some symbols of aUL centric slot or a UL only slot.

In the example of FIG. 13(h), a long PUCCH starts in the middle of a ULcentric slot or a UL only slot. The long PUCCH spans over one or moreconsecutive UL only slots and ends in the middle of a UL only slot.

FIG. 14 illustrates examples of two demodulation reference signals(DMRS) 1401 in every 7 symbols for normal cyclic prefix (NCP) or 6symbols for extended cyclic prefix (ECP). A first DMRS pattern (Pattern1) 1403 includes 2 RS in every 7 or 6 symbols. With this pattern, a longPUCCH format has 2 DMRS 1401 in every 7 symbols for normal CP (NCP), and2 DMRS 1401 in every 6 symbols for extended CP (ECP) within a slot.

A first example (a) shows a DMRS pattern 1 1403 a for Normal cyclicprefix (CP). A second example (b) shows a DMRS pattern 1 1403 b forextended CP.

FIG. 15 illustrates examples of the minimum number of symbols for a longPUCCH. In the example of FIG. 15(a), X=3 if the long PUCCH covers theend of a slot. In the example of FIG. 15(b), X=4 if the long PUCCH canstart/end at any symbol of a slot.

In FIG. 15, there are symbols depicted that that are not used orallocated for a long PUCCH. The remaining symbols (including a DMRSsymbol) are allocated for a long PUCCH. Thus, in FIG. 15(a), it is along PUCCH at the last 3 symbols. In FIG. 15(b), it is a long PUCCHallocated in the middle of the slot, from the 2nd to 5th symbols.

FIG. 16 illustrates examples of one DMRS 1601 in every 7 symbols for NCPor 6 symbols for ECP. A second DMRS pattern (Pattern 2) 1603 includesone RS in every 7 or 6 symbols. With this pattern, a long PUCCH formathas 1 DMRS 1601 in every 7 symbols for normal CP (NCP), and 1 DMRS 1601in every 6 symbols for extended CP (ECP) within a slot.

A first example (a) shows a DMRS pattern 2 1603 a for Normal cyclicprefix (CP). A second example (b) shows a DMRS pattern 2 1603 b forextended CP.

FIG. 17 illustrates fixed hopping candidates for PUCCH based on fixedDMRS patterns. In a first example, 2 DMRS symbols may be in every 7symbols for normal CP. In a second example, 2 DMRS symbols may be inevery 7 symbols for extended CP. In a third example, 1 DMRS symbol maybe in every 7 symbols for normal CP. In a fourth example, 1 DMRS symbolmay be in every 7 symbols for extended CP.

Fixed frequency hopping location candidates are also depicted in FIG.17. Depending on the starting and ending symbols of a long PUCCH in aslot, only 1 hop may be supported. The hopping location may bedetermined based on the closest location to the middle of the long PUCCHduration of N symbols. In other words, hopping location may bedetermined based on the closest fixed hopping location relative to theend of the Xth symbol where X=floor(N/2) [or ceil(N/2)].

FIG. 18 illustrates examples of PUCCH DMRS basic blocks in a hop. PUCCHfrom 2 to 7 symbols are depicted. In one configuration, the PUCCH mayhave 1 DMRS. In another configuration, the PUCCH may have 2 DMRSs. TheDMRS location may be determined in each hop based on basic structures ofbuilding blocks of different length. Since the long PUCCH duration in aslot may vary between 4-14 symbols, if frequency hopping is applied,each hop may have 2 to 7 symbols.

Each hopping may have 1 or 2 DMRSs. For a single hop length greater thanor equal to 4 symbols, whether 1 or 2 DMRSs in a hop may be configuredby higher layer signaling.

For a slot with 6 symbols for extended CP or 7 symbols for normal CP, iffrequency hopping is not configured or supported, a long PUCCH may beconfigured with 1 or 2 DMRS following the pattern in the basic blocks.For normal CP, the 4 to 7 symbols structures can be applied in a longPUCCH. For extended CP, the 4 to 6 symbols structures can be applied ina long PUCCH. The long PUCCH may be configured with either 1 DMRS or 2DMRS symbols.

If frequency hopping is configured or supported, the hopping locationmay be determined at the middle of a given long PUCCH with length of Nsymbols, where N is greater than or equal to 4, and smaller than orequal to the number of symbols in a slot. The hop may occur at the endof the Xth symbol where X=floor(N/2) or ceil(N/2). Then, the DMRSpositions are determined based on the length of each hop from the basicbuilding blocks of each length and the number of DMRS configured foreach hop if applicable. The basic blocks of 2-4 symbol structures can beapplied in each hop. FIG. 18 shows the frequency hopping locations forlong PUCCH duration of 4-7 symbols if configured. Two DMRS are requiredif frequency hopping is configured for a long PUCCH.

For a slot with 12 symbols for extended CP or 14 symbols for normal CP,if the length of a long PUCCH is smaller than or equal to 6 symbols forextended CP or smaller than or equal to 7 symbols for normal CP, thesame method as described above is used. In other words, if frequencyhopping is not configured or supported, a long PUCCH may be configuredwith 1 or 2 DMRS following the pattern in the basic blocks. For normalCP, the 4 to 7 symbols structures can be applied in a long PUCCH. Forextended CP, the 4 to 6 symbols structures can be applied in a longPUCCH. The long PUCCH may be configured with either 1 DMRS or 2 DMRSsymbols.

If frequency hopping is configured or supported, the hopping location isdetermined at the middle of a given long PUCCH with length of N symbols,where N is greater or equal to 4, and smaller or equal to the number ofsymbols in a slot. The hop may occur at the end of the Xth symbol whereX=floor(N/2) or ceil(N/2). Then, the DMRS positions are determined basedon the length of each hop from the basic building blocks of each lengthand the number of DMRS configured for each hop if applicable. The basicblocks of 2-4 symbol structures can be applied in each hop. FIG. 18shows the frequency hopping locations for long PUCCH duration of 4-7symbols if configured. Two DMRS are required if frequency hopping isconfigured for a long PUCCH.

If the length of a long PUCCH is greater than 6 symbols for extended CPor greater than 7 symbols for normal CP, first, the hopping location maybe determined at the middle of a given long PUCCH with length of Nsymbols, where N is greater than or equal to 6 for extended CP andgreater than 7 for normal CP, and is smaller than or equal to the numberof symbols in a slot. The hop may occur at the end of the Xth symbolwhere X=floor(N/2) or ceil(N/2). Then, the DMRS positions are determinedbased on the length of each hop from the basic building blocks of eachlength and the number of DMRS configured for each hop if applicable. Thebasic blocks of 4-7 symbol structures can be applied in each hop. Itshould be noted that the same structure may be applied regardlesswhether frequency hopping is configured or not.

This method provides optimal DMRS locations for all long PUCCH durationsbetween 4-14 symbols. With this method, the long PUCCH may be includedin a single slot, or in continuous symbols cross over in multiple slots.It should be noted that the frequency hopping may be mandatory for alllong PUCCH lengths in a slot.

The method can be used to determine the DMRS location/pattern regardlesswhether frequency hopping is configured or not on a long PUCCH. Twoapproaches can be considered if frequency hopping is not configured. Inone approach, for any long PUCCH lengths between 4-14 symbols, the sameDMRS position is determined as if frequency hopping is configured. Inanother approach, if the long PUCCH duration is between 4-7 symbolsinclusively, the DMRS position may be determined with the pattern of onehop given in FIG. 18.

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate examples of DMRS patterns for differentdurations. In one case, long PUCCH may be configured with 1 DMRS symbolin a hop. In another case, long PUCCH may be configured with 2 DMRSsymbol in a hop. The DMRS patterns and frequency hopping location for 1or 2 DMRSs are shown for long PUCCH durations.

In FIG. 19A, for PUCCH length of 4 to 7 symbols, if there is only oneDMRS, no frequency hopping is supported, as shown on the left side under1 DMRS in a hop. For PUCCH length of 4 to 7 symbols, if there are twoDMRS symbols, frequency hopping may be supported with the given locationas shown on the right side under 2 DMRS in a hop. It should be notedthat in this case, there may be only 1 DMRS in each hop if frequencyhopping is applied.

FIG. 20 illustrates examples of RS patterns with frequency divisionmultiplexing (FDM) among UEs for two DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP.Different UEs 102 are assigned with different RS patterns that are notoverlapping with other UEs 102. FIG. 20 shows several examples of RSmultiplexing for different UEs 102 with pattern 1 where two RS symbolsare used in every 7 symbols for NCP. Different UEs 102 are assigned withdifferent subcarriers for RS transmission in the two DMRS symbols. Inthe Figures, each crosshatch represents the DMRS of a different UE.

In implementation (a), a UE 102 may be configured with 2 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 6 UEs 102.

In implementation (b), a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 4 UEs 102.

In implementation (c), a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 3 UEs 102.

In implementation (d), a UE may be configured with 6 subcarriers for RStransmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 2 UEs 102.

FIG. 21 illustrates examples of RS patterns with FDM among UEs for twoDMRS in every 6 symbols for ECP. Different UEs 102 are assigned withdifferent RS patterns that are not overlapping with other UEs 102. FIG.21 shows several examples of RS multiplexing for different UEs 102 withpattern 1 where two RS symbols are used in every 6 symbols for ECP.Different UEs 102 are assigned with different subcarriers for RStransmission in the two DMRS symbols.

In implementation (a), a UE 102 may be configured with 2 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 6 UEs 102.

In implementation (b), a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 4 UEs 102.

In implementation (c), a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 3 UEs 102.

In implementation (d), a UE may be configured with 6 subcarriers for RStransmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 2 UEs 102.

FIG. 22 illustrates examples of a shifted RS pattern with FDM among UEsfor two DMRS in every 7 symbols for NCP. For CP-OFDM based transmissionwith 2 RS symbols in each 7 symbols for NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP,the RS can also be located at the beginning. Thus, a shifted RS patterncan be applied.

In implementation (a), a UE 102 may be configured with 2 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 6 UEs 102.

In implementation (b), a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 4 UEs 102.

In implementation (c), a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 3 UEs 102.

In implementation (d), a UE may be configured with 6 subcarriers for RStransmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 2 UEs 102.

FIG. 23 illustrates examples of long PUCCH with one DMRS every 7 symbolsfor NCP. The same FDM combinations can be used on the pattern with asingle RS symbol in every 7 symbols for NCP and every 6 symbols for ECP.In this case, the RS position should be the same as in DFT-S-OFDM basedtransmission, and no shift of RS position is needed. FIG. 23 showsseveral examples for a long PUCCH with a single DMRS in every 7 symbolsfor NCP with different UE multiplexing capabilities.

In implementation (a), a UE 102 may be configured with 2 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 6 UEs 102.

In implementation (b), a UE 102 may be configured with 3 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 4 UEs 102.

In implementation (c), a UE 102 may be configured with 4 subcarriers forRS transmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 3 UEs 102.

In implementation (d), a UE may be configured with 6 subcarriers for RStransmission within each DMRS symbol. Thus, an RB can be multiplexedwith 2 UEs 102.

FIG. 24 illustrates examples of DMRS allocation at frequency domain.FIG. 24 shows several examples of DMRS spreads in the frequency domain.A first example is for 2 RS per RB. A second example is for 3 RS per RB.A third example is for 4 S per RB.

FIG. 25 illustrates examples of UE multiplexing with different DMRSpatterns. FIG. 25 shows several examples where four UEs 102 aremultiplexed with different DMRS patterns. In FIG. 25, each crosshatchrepresents the DMRS pattern of a given UE 102. In FIG. 25, eachcrosshatch represents the DMRS pattern of a given UE 102.

A first example is for two RS per RB in the frequency domain. A secondexample is for three RS per RB in the frequency domain. A third exampleis for four RS per RB in the frequency domain.

FIG. 26 illustrates examples of frequency hopping for long PUCCHformats. To provide frequency diversity, frequency hopping of a longPUCCH can be configured. In this case, separate PUCCH regions orsubbands should be configured for a UE 102, and the PUCCH can betransmitted with frequency hopping in different regions/subbands, asshown in FIG. 26.

A first example (a) illustrates frequency hopping at slot level or every7 symbols for NCP. A second example (b) illustrates frequency hoppingwithin 7 symbols for NCP.

FIG. 27 illustrates examples of self-contained DMRS patterns in eachsymbol. The UE multiplexing within a RB can be reduced or eliminated.Furthermore, DMRS of 1 symbol short PUCCH can be used in each symbol.FIG. 27 shows the reference signal pattern designs for 2 RS, 3 RS, 4 RSand 6 RS per RB. For each RS setting, at least two patterns can bedefined, denoted as pattern 1 and pattern 2.

FIG. 28 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a UE2802. The UE 2802 described in connection with FIG. 28 may beimplemented in accordance with the UE 102 described in connection withFIG. 1. The UE 2802 includes a processor 2803 that controls operation ofthe UE 2802. The processor 2803 may also be referred to as a centralprocessing unit (CPU). Memory 2805, which may include read-only memory(ROM), random access memory (RAM), a combination of the two or any typeof device that may store information, provides instructions 2807 a anddata 2809 a to the processor 2803. A portion of the memory 2805 may alsoinclude non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Instructions 2807 band data 2809 b may also reside in the processor 2803. Instructions 2807b and/or data 2809 b loaded into the processor 2803 may also includeinstructions 2807 a and/or data 2809 a from memory 2805 that were loadedfor execution or processing by the processor 2803. The instructions 2807b may be executed by the processor 2803 to implement the methodsdescribed above.

The UE 2802 may also include a housing that contains one or moretransmitters 2858 and one or more receivers 2820 to allow transmissionand reception of data. The transmitter(s) 2858 and receiver(s) 2820 maybe combined into one or more transceivers 2818. One or more antennas2822 a-n are attached to the housing and electrically coupled to thetransceiver 2818.

The various components of the UE 2802 are coupled together by a bussystem 2811, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus and astatus signal bus, in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake ofclarity, the various buses are illustrated in FIG. 28 as the bus system2811. The UE 2802 may also include a digital signal processor (DSP) 2813for use in processing signals. The UE 2802 may also include acommunications interface 2815 that provides user access to the functionsof the UE 2802. The UE 2802 illustrated in FIG. 28 is a functional blockdiagram rather than a listing of specific components.

FIG. 29 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a gNB2960. The gNB 2960 described in connection with FIG. 29 may beimplemented in accordance with the gNB 160 described in connection withFIG. 1. The gNB 2960 includes a processor 2903 that controls operationof the gNB 2960. The processor 2903 may also be referred to as a centralprocessing unit (CPU). Memory 2905, which may include read-only memory(ROM), random access memory (RAM), a combination of the two or any typeof device that may store information, provides instructions 2907 a anddata 2909 a to the processor 2903. A portion of the memory 2905 may alsoinclude non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Instructions 2907 band data 2909 b may also reside in the processor 2903. Instructions 2907b and/or data 2909 b loaded into the processor 2903 may also includeinstructions 2907 a and/or data 2909 a from memory 2905 that were loadedfor execution or processing by the processor 2903. The instructions 2907b may be executed by the processor 2903 to implement the methodsdescribed above.

The gNB 2960 may also include a housing that contains one or moretransmitters 2917 and one or more receivers 2978 to allow transmissionand reception of data. The transmitter(s) 2917 and receiver(s) 2978 maybe combined into one or more transceivers 2976. One or more antennas2980 a-n are attached to the housing and electrically coupled to thetransceiver 2976.

The various components of the gNB 2960 are coupled together by a bussystem 2911, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus and astatus signal bus, in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake ofclarity, the various buses are illustrated in FIG. 29 as the bus system2911. The gNB 2960 may also include a digital signal processor (DSP)2913 for use in processing signals. The gNB 2960 may also include acommunications interface 2915 that provides user access to the functionsof the gNB 2960. The gNB 2960 illustrated in FIG. 29 is a functionalblock diagram rather than a listing of specific components.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE 3002in which systems and methods for a slot structure of a long PUCCH designfor 5G NR operations may be implemented. The UE 3002 includes transmitmeans 3058, receive means 3020 and control means 3024. The transmitmeans 3058, receive means 3020 and control means 3024 may be configuredto perform one or more of the functions described in connection withFIG. 1 above. FIG. 28 above illustrates one example of a concreteapparatus structure of FIG. 30. Other various structures may beimplemented to realize one or more of the functions of FIG. 1. Forexample, a DSP may be realized by software.

FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB 3160in which systems and methods for a slot structure of a long PUCCH designfor 5G NR operations may be implemented. The gNB 3160 includes transmitmeans 3117, receive means 3178 and control means 3182. The transmitmeans 3117, receive means 3178 and control means 3182 may be configuredto perform one or more of the functions described in connection withFIG. 1 above. FIG. 29 above illustrates one example of a concreteapparatus structure of FIG. 31. Other various structures may beimplemented to realize one or more of the functions of FIG. 1. Forexample, a DSP may be realized by software.

FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 3200 for implementing aslot structure of a long PUCCH design for 5G NR. The method 3200 may beimplemented by a UE 102. The UE 102 may determine 3202 the uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) format and configuration based on a signalingfrom a gNB 160. For example, determining the uplink control channel(PUCCH) format and configuration may include a long PUCCH format thatsupports more than 2 bits of UCI payload.

A long PUCCH may employ a format that includes a waveform, a number ofresource blocks (RBs), a reference symbol (RS) pattern, and/ororthogonal sequences on RS and data symbols, and/or one or more controlresource regions. RS symbols may be allocated at time domain, andorthogonal sequences are applied for UCI data at time domain orfrequency domain.

The UE 102 may determine 3204 the DMRS locations in the configuredPUCCH. DMRS of a long PUCCH may occupy fixed locations in a slotstructure, or are relative to the starting symbol of a long PUCCH. Iffrequency hopping is configured or supported, a hopping location is alsofixed based on DMRS structure.

Frequency hopping may be mandatory or configurable, and the DMRS of along PUCCH may be determined per frequency hop based on basic buildingblocks. A long PUCCH may include one or two basic building blocks withthe same length or a length difference of one, where each basic buildingblock is configured with 1 or 2 DMRS following a pattern in the basicbuilding blocks with lengths of 4-7 symbols. A hopping position may bedetermined at the middle of a given long PUCCH, and DMRS positions ineach hop are determined based on the length of the hop from the basicbuilding blocks

The UE 102 may determine 3206 the uplink control information (UCI)multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH. A common framework may beused on the RS location and UCI multiplexing methods. RS symbols may beallocated at time domain, and orthogonal sequences may be applied forUCI data at time domain or frequency domain.

If CP-OFDM is used, RS symbols may be allocated at frequency domain, andorthogonal sequences may be applied for UCI data at time domain orfrequency domain. If CP-OFDM is used, orthogonal RS patterns may beapplied for UE multiplexing.

The UE 102 may determine 3208 the resource of the control channel forUCI feedback. The UE 102 may transmit 3210 UCI on the selected channel.

FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 3300 for implementing aslot structure of a long PUCCH design for 5G NR. The method 3300 may beimplemented by a base station (gNB) 160. The gNB 160 may determine 3302the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and configuration. Forexample, the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and configuration mayinclude a long PUCCH format that supports more than 2 bits of UCIpayload.

A long PUCCH may employ a format that comprises a waveform, a number ofresource blocks (RBs), a reference symbol (RS) pattern, and/ororthogonal sequences on RS and data symbols, and/or one or more controlresource regions. The long PUCCH may employ a cyclic prefix OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) waveform.

The gNB 160 may determine 3304 the DMRS locations in the configuredPUCCH. The gNB 160 may determine 3306 the uplink control information(UCI) multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH. The gNB 160 maydetermine 3308 the resource of the control channel for UCI feedback.This may be accomplished as described in connection with FIG. 32.

The gNB 160 may receive 3310 UCI feedback on a selected control channel.A control channel used for uplink control information (UCI) feedback anda resource of the control channel for UCI feedback are determined by aUE 102 based on signaling from the gNB 160.

The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any available medium thatcan be accessed by a computer or a processor. The term“computer-readable medium,” as used herein, may denote a computer-and/or processor-readable medium that is non-transitory and tangible. Byway of example, and not limitation, a computer-readable orprocessor-readable medium may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desiredprogram code in the form of instructions or data structures and that canbe accessed by a computer or processor. Disk and disc, as used herein,includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproducedata magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.

It should be noted that one or more of the methods described herein maybe implemented in and/or performed using hardware. For example, one ormore of the methods described herein may be implemented in and/orrealized using a chipset, an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) or integrated circuit,etc.

Each of the methods disclosed herein comprises one or more steps oractions for achieving the described method. The method steps and/oractions may be interchanged with one another and/or combined into asingle step without departing from the scope of the claims. In otherwords, unless a specific order of steps or actions is required forproper operation of the method that is being described, the order and/oruse of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departingfrom the scope of the claims.

It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the preciseconfiguration and components illustrated above. Various modifications,changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation anddetails of the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein withoutdeparting from the scope of the claims.

A program running on the gNB 160 or the UE 102 according to thedescribed systems and methods is a program (a program for causing acomputer to operate) that controls a CPU and the like in such a manneras to realize the function according to the described systems andmethods. Then, the information that is handled in these apparatuses istemporarily stored in a RAM while being processed. Thereafter, theinformation is stored in various ROMs or HDDs, and whenever necessary,is read by the CPU to be modified or written. As a recording medium onwhich the program is stored, among a semiconductor (for example, a ROM,a nonvolatile memory card, and the like), an optical storage medium (forexample, a DVD, a MO, a MD, a CD, a BD, and the like), a magneticstorage medium (for example, a magnetic tape, a flexible disk, and thelike), and the like, any one may be possible. Furthermore, in somecases, the function according to the described systems and methodsdescribed above is realized by running the loaded program, and inaddition, the function according to the described systems and methods isrealized in conjunction with an operating system or other applicationprograms, based on an instruction from the program.

Furthermore, in a case where the programs are available on the market,the program stored on a portable recording medium can be distributed orthe program can be transmitted to a server computer that connectsthrough a network such as the Internet. In this case, a storage devicein the server computer also is included. Furthermore, some or all of thegNB 160 and the UE 102 according to the systems and methods describedabove may be realized as an LSI that is a typical integrated circuit.Each functional block of the gNB 160 and the UE 102 may be individuallybuilt into a chip, and some or all functional blocks may be integratedinto a chip. Furthermore, a technique of the integrated circuit is notlimited to the LSI, and an integrated circuit for the functional blockmay be realized with a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.Furthermore, if with advances in a semiconductor technology, atechnology of an integrated circuit that substitutes for the LSIappears, it is also possible to use an integrated circuit to which thetechnology applies.

Moreover, each functional block or various features of the base stationdevice and the terminal device used in each of the aforementionedembodiments may be implemented or executed by a circuitry, which istypically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits.The circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the presentspecification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific or general applicationintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), orother programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, ora discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof. Thegeneral-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, theprocessor may be a conventional processor, a controller, amicrocontroller or a state machine. The general-purpose processor oreach circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit ormay be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology ofmaking into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at thepresent time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology,the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used.

What is claimed is:
 1. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor;and memory in electronic communication with the processor, whereininstructions stored in the memory are executable to: determine an uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) format and configuration based on a signalingfrom a base station (gNB); determine demodulation reference signal(DMRS) locations in the configured PUCCH; determine uplink controlinformation (UCI) multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH;determine a resource of a control channel for UCI feedback; and transmitUCI feedback on the selected control channel.
 2. The UE of claim 1,wherein determining the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format andconfiguration includes a long PUCCH format that supports more than 2bits of UCI payload.
 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein a long PUCCH employsa format that comprises a waveform, a number of resource blocks (RBs), areference symbol (RS) pattern, and/or orthogonal sequences on RS anddata symbols, and/or one or more control resource regions.
 4. The UE ofclaim 3, wherein RS symbols are allocated at time domain, and orthogonalsequences are applied for UCI data at time domain or frequency domain.5. The UE of claim 1, wherein DMRS of a long PUCCH may occupy fixedlocations in a slot structure, or are relative to the starting symbol ofa long PUCCH.
 6. The UE of claim 5, wherein if there is only 1 DMRS in along PUCCH, frequency hopping is not supported, and if there are 2 ormore DMRS in a long PUCCH, frequency hopping may be mandatory orconfigurable.
 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein if frequency hopping isconfigured or supported, a hopping location is also fixed based on DMRSstructure.
 8. The UE of claim 1, wherein frequency hopping may bemandatory or configurable, and the DMRS of a long PUCCH may bedetermined per frequency hop based on basic building blocks.
 9. The UEof claim 8, wherein a long PUCCH may comprise one or two basic buildingblocks with the same length or a length difference of one, where eachbasic building block is configured with 1 or 2 DMRS following a patternin the basic building blocks with lengths of 4-7 symbols.
 10. The UE ofclaim 8, wherein a hopping position is determined at the middle of agiven long PUCCH, and DMRS positions in each hop are determined based onthe length of the hop from the basic building blocks.
 11. A base station(gNB), comprising: a processor; and memory in electronic communicationwith the processor, wherein instructions stored in the memory areexecutable to: determine an uplink control channel (PUCCH) format andconfiguration; determine demodulation reference signal (DMRS) locationsin the configured PUCCH; determine uplink control information (UCI)multiplexing methods on the configured PUCCH; determine a resource of acontrol channel for UCI feedback; and receive UCI feedback on a selectedcontrol channel, wherein the control channel used for UCI feedback andthe resource of the control channel for UCI feedback are determinedbased on signaling from the gNB.
 12. The gNB of claim 11, whereindetermining the uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and configurationincludes a long PUCCH format that supports more than 2 bits of UCIpayload.
 13. The gNB of claim 11, wherein a long PUCCH employs a formatthat comprises a waveform, a number of resource blocks (RBs), areference symbol (RS) pattern, and/or orthogonal sequences on RS anddata symbols, and/or one or more control resource regions.
 14. The gNBof claim 13, wherein RS symbols are allocated at time domain, andorthogonal sequences are applied for UCI data at time domain orfrequency domain.
 15. The gNB of claim 11, wherein DMRS of a long PUCCHmay occupy fixed locations in a slot structure, or are relative to thestarting symbol of a long PUCCH.
 16. The gNB of claim 15, wherein ifthere is only 1 DMRS in a long PUCCH, frequency hopping is notsupported, and if there are 2 or more DMRS in a long PUCCH, frequencyhopping may be mandatory or configurable.
 17. The gNB of claim 16,wherein if frequency hopping is configured or supported, a hoppinglocation is also fixed based on DMRS structure.
 18. The gNB of claim 11,wherein frequency hopping may be mandatory or configurable, and the DMRSof a long PUCCH may be determined per frequency hop based on basicbuilding blocks.
 19. The gNB of claim 18, wherein a long PUCCH maycomprise one or two basic building blocks with the same length or alength difference of one, where each basic building block is configuredwith 1 or 2 DMRS following a pattern in the basic building blocks withlengths of 4-7 symbols.
 20. The gNB of claim 18, wherein a hoppingposition is determined at the middle of a given long PUCCH, and DMRSpositions in each hop are determined based on the length of the hop fromthe basic building blocks.